Effects Of Exercise On Brain Health - 1623 Words

There is ample evidence to demonstrate that through the normal ageing process alterations to the brain in structure and function are directly related to cognitive changes (Glisky, 2007). With an increasing ageing population strategies for prevention of disease and age related cognitive decline are necessary to improve quality of life and reduce the associated healthcare costs (Australian Government Productivity Commission [AGPC], 2013). Physical exercise is known to be crucial in maintaining physiological health; it can also be used as a means of neuroprotection and assist in modifiable risk factors for improved brain health and subsequent cognitive function. This review will critically analyse current research into the effects of exercise†¦show more content†¦Smith et al. (2013) took a less studied approach to improving cognitive decline by testing the effects of aerobic exercise on adults (60-88 years old) already suffering from cognitive impairment. After 12 weeks of mode rate exercise there was an improvement of memory and neural efficiency across all subjects. As discussed at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference [AAIC] (2012), elderly people who had reduced cadence, velocity and stride length of just 1.7cm were seen to have greater declines in cognition, memory and executive function. These gait related restrictions were associated with an overall smaller brain volume (Bridenbaugh Kressig, 2013). Having reduced mobility results in an accelerated cognitive decline as being in the same environment regularly provides little stimulus to keep the mind active. Gait restriction can be improved through physical therapy and although it may not increase lost brain volume it can assist in reducing the effects of further decline (Patla, 1991). Due to the inconsistency between studies there is no definitive exercise dosage or type that can aid in protection against dementia. However, from the evidence provided it suggests that higher levels of exercise can be used as a neuroprotective mechanism to prevent the onset ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Physical Exercise On Brain Health1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Mental Exercise and Physical Exercise on Brain Health Physical exercise does not only promote physical appearance and the body’s health, it also promotes brain health. The brain is a dynamic organ that replaces and repairs neurons throughout life. When people engage in exercise, rarely do they think about the potential affects it has on their brain. People that work out utilize various amounts of motor skills that have been acquired gradually through practice. Those utilized motorRead MorePhysical Exercise and Cognitive Functioning in Children1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this study is to look at if physical exercise will help the healthy cognitive development in children and adolescence and this paper will illustrate that the same facts are true for children and adolescence, and will stress the importance of exercise for children optimal brain development and growth. The current studies show that physical activity has a positive effect on attention, neuroplasticity and intellectual development in children and adoles cence. The studies also seem toRead MoreEffect Of Exercise On Health1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Exercise Upon Health The philosopher Plato (427-347 BC) said: â€Å"Lack of activity destroys the good condition of every human being, while movement and methodical physical exercise save it and preserve it† (Vina, Sanchis†Gomar, Martinez†Bello, Gomez†Cabrera, 2012, p. 2). Exercise has several benefits; it enhances the overall health of a person. It is important for strengthening the muscles, building bones, and maintaining a healthy weight. Besides, humans are not becoming any youngerRead MoreWhile Joe Was Watching Tv One Day Eating Doritos He Was1555 Words   |  7 Pagesare the benefits of exercise?† He then took the time to research. A lack of physical activity leads to muscular reduction, weight gain, loss of bone strength, organ failure, and it can lead to an elevated risk for the leading causes of death, such as heart related problems and diabetes (Davis). An inactive life is bad for the human body, and very detrimental to one s health and lifestyle. On the contrar y, many physical, mental, and health benefits come with exercise. Exercise has physical benefitsRead MorePhysical Activity And Brain Plasticity1299 Words   |  6 Pages In the article â€Å"Physical activity and brain plasticity in late adulthood† by Kirk I. Erickson, PhD, Ariel G. Gildengers, MD and Meryl A Butters, PhD provides insight to research on the effects of physical activity on the human brain in late adulthood. The article provides and overview of cognitive functioning in older adults. The purpose of the research in the article is to demonstrate how physical activity and other risk factors such as education, obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetesRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Exercise On The Brain Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesThe human brain is constantly changing where many new neurons are formed while others neurons die and new synapses are created while other synapses are removed (Spalding et al., 2013). Some dendrites will withdraw while other dendrites continue branching (Killgore et al., 2013). The processes d riving the reshaping of the brain are neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Neuroplasticity is the brain’s lifelong ability to rewire neural connections to compensate for diseases and injuries or in response toRead More Does Exercise Help the Brain? Essay examples1735 Words   |  7 Pagesrun: does exercise really help the brain? Should I go run a marathon, join a yoga class, or head off to the gym? Is it really worth the time and effort? Afterall, sitting down and watching television can seem just as appealing. Why even bother working out? The reasons to work out may be greater than you think. Physical activity can make you feel good, keep you in shape, keep you healthy, but now researchers also are finding biological evidence that exercise benefits specific brain mechanismsRead MoreThe Loss Of Second Language1640 Words   |  7 Pagesof psychiatry (Jan-Mar 2009), epidemiological studies suggest that diet, physical exercise, and mental activity reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. Other life style such as sleep pattern, having stimulants, socialization, and having fun time have their own effects on memory (Smith, M., and Robinson, L., 2015.) As it plays a role in other health matters, proper diet has important effect on health of the brain to maintain memory. Limiting carbohydrates and saturated fat, and having balancedRead MoreResearch837 Words   |  4 PagesNew health recommendations suggest that exercise can improve memory skills and delay the symptoms of dementia. According to the American Academy of Neurology, the latest guidelines confirm that regular exercise improves both the body and the mind. This is particularly helpful to older adults and the elderly. The guideline panel was systematically reviewed for the prevalence, prognosis, and treatment of mild cognitive impairment. The results revealed that the prevalence rate was 6.7 percent in peopleRead MoreExercise May Help Improve Your Mental Health By Helping The Brain Manage Better With Stress1205 Words   |  5 PagesExercise may help improve your mental health by helping the brain manage better with stress. Stress is just a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental equilibrium. It is pretty much in our everyday life and we have to find a way to lower the stress. A stressful event can cause the â€Å"fight-or-flight† response, causing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol to rush through the body. A small amount of stress, known as â€Å"acute stress,† can be exciting because it keeps us active and

The Elusive Quest For Growth Essay - 1089 Words

The Elusive quest for Growth – Economists’ adventure and misadventure in the tropics A Book Review The Author Dr. William Easterly, a former Economist with the World Bank and a current professor of Economics at The New York University in this book talks about The Economists’ Quest to find the means by which a poor country in the tropics would be able to become rich like the countries in Europe and North America. He talks about the various measures tried and why they did or did not work out. Among the means tried he discusses in this book the following; foreign aid, investment in machines, fostering education, controlling population growth, loans conditional on reforms, debt relief conditional on reforms. Dr. William Easterly describes the basic principle of economics as people do what they are paid to do; what they don t get paid to do they don t do. He attributes the failure to achieve the quest with failure in applying the basic principle to policy work. He says that the trinity of first world aid donors, third world governments, and third world citizens should all have their incentives aligned for growth to occur. In his first chapter he starts off about why growth even matters. Economic growth frees the poor from hunger and diseases. Economy wide growth in GDP per capita translates into rise in incomes for the poorest of the poor lifting them out of poverty. Taking the example of Pakistan, the author describes how 31% of the country lives in extreme poverty withShow MoreRelatedWhat is the World Bank? Essay976 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic growth where according to Economist William Easterly, not created for the purposes they were used for. A model called the Harold Domar model, assumes that production is proportional to the stock of machinery. So the output is proportional to machines, if you change the amount of machines, you get the same change in output. â€Å"Domar’s model was not intended as a growth model, made no sense as a growth model and was repudiated as a growth model, so it is ironic that Domar’s growth model becameRead MoreA White Heron By Sarah Orne Jewett1327 Words   |  6 Pagescolor. The man here is on a quest to find a bird, a heron, but not a black heron nor a gray heron. Instead the hunter is specifically on a search for a white heron. The author explicitly focuses on a white heron as it is even the title of this short story. The color white is ideally paired with what is clean, what is good, what is pure. Here the color white is Sylvia s purity to stay true to herself and the heron is the rarity in finding a girl who is just entering the elusive world of romance that canRead MoreStand By Me by Rob Reiner essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The film Stand By Me by Rob Reiner, teaches young viewers about life. 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By answering this â€Å"question at issueRead MoreHenry David Thoreau : A Transcendentalist1438 Words   |  6 Pagesaccustomed to. He preached simplicity in daily life and peace in protest. His words of wisdom have influenced many great leaders since. Thoreau’s call for social reform, individualistic qualities, love of nature, emphasis on readi ng and intellectual growth, and quest for truth within are at the heart of his legacy and an inspiration to those drawn to transcendentalism today. Henry David Thoreau was born and died in Concord, Massachusetts. At the time of his birth in 1817, Rev. Ezra Ripley was the ordainedRead MoreEarly Pacific Northwest History Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pageshave to forage for food and resources at times. Salmon was favored heavily for both a food source and in various ceremonies. Each group had domesticated animals: horses, dogs, or sheep. The changes in this era are more focused on the growth of cultures and of population; establishing societies. The Coast Indians were separated geographically from other native peoples. They had their own local forms of society and government involving a very class conscious social structure. Wars orRead MoreStrategic Fit1574 Words   |  7 Pagesgreater the total degree of congruence or fit between the various components, the more effective will be the organization, leading to higher levels of goal attainment, utilization of resources, and adaptation. Need for Strategic Fit Strategic fit is a quest to align the organization’s operation with the needs of the market. It also involves identification of the opportunities and the action to capitalize on the opportunities. Strategic fit can be used actively to evaluate the current strategic situationRead More`` Fahrenheit 451 And The Sniper ``1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe news often circulates with stories of brilliant firefighters and outstanding soldiers. The media label these people as ‘heroes’. However, the definition of a hero can be very elusive. Many kids believe that heroes have to be athletic and robust, but as they grow up, they realize a hero s actions and thoughts can be more influential than their physical abilities. It can be difficult to determine what elements make up a hero. However, by examining heroes in different stories, the elements of whatRead MoreUniversal Healthcare: The benefits Outweigh the Costs Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical examples to show that t here is indeed room for reforms. In the 1970s Sweden had a federal deficit that more than tripled that of the United States. However Sweden maintained lower unemployment and inflation. On top of that their economic growth was much faster than the United States’ during this period. Japan, Austria, and Norway had similar deficits as well and maintained even lower unemployment and inflation. Not only did all these countries perform better during their time of high nationalRead MoreThe World Economy Is The Busiest Fire Extinguishing Essay1776 Words   |  8 Pagesagricultural productivity in Africa, four in the game. His current work is a common substance: Economics because it is not less frequent Planet2 aims; Sachs has counsel and now controlling a budget to mitigate climate change, as long as population growth, protecting biodiversity, extreme poverty and the protein seriousworld enemy of water shortages. For those who once had proposed the author of the course is based on th e sovereignty of the economic center of the best known and failures it is always

Adopting Electronic Medical Records Kuwait - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2070 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Information Systems Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? What the problems and needs of the sponsor are? Evaluate Healthcare Informatics in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Develop  a unified definition for the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Identify  some of the  EMR implementation benefits and challenges in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Develop  an informative reference about EMR implementation in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait What are the projects aims? The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait. In order to accomplish this task, a qualitative analysis approach will be followed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" by surveying/interviewing a sample of healthcare and IT professionals from different governmental hospitals and IT companies who are in one way or another participated in the implementation of an EMR. Therefore, the aim of my dissertation is to: Evaluate Healthcare Informatics in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Establish a unified definition for the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Identify EMR implementation benefits and challenges in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Accommodate resolutions to avoid major obstacles of EMR implementation in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Formulate an informative reference about EMR implementation in the governmental hospitals of Ku wait Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adopting Electronic Medical Records Kuwait" essay for you Create order What is the proposed solution? A unified definition for the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Identification of the  EMR implementation benefits and challenges in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Some resolutions for the EMR implementation major obstacles in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait. An informative reference about EMR implementation in Kuwait What will be produced in the project? A research paper/document detailing: Importance of adopting EMRs, and their role in enhancing delivered healthcare services in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait The benefits and challenges associated with the EMRs implementations in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait The essential requirements to have a successful EMR implementation within the Kuwaiti governmental hospitals, as well as the resolutions for implementation major obstacles. The final conclusions, recommendations, as well as any aspects of future work Literature Survey / Resources list: A primary literature review à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" using UoL Online Library, Gartner, HIMSS, and Google Scholar à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" has been conducted, in order to identify all the researches and papers relevant to the topic under discussion. Some of these resources are of relevance to my work, as they are trying to investigate the benefits and barriers of adopting EMR systems in a specific domain through conducting interviews and surveys, which could provide a comprehensive insight and guidance in conducting my study. On the other hand, some of the interview questions in these studies would be acting as the foundation for developing some of the interview questions in my dissertation. There are other sources attempting to provide a clear definition, description, and global variations of the EMR and EHR terms within the healthcare informatics setting. The three industry research papers (from Gartner and HIMSS) are trying to introduce a unified definition for the EMR, which would help me in my study to clarify the terminology misconception, which consequently would lend a hand in providing a common ground to better understand the issue. Finally, there are some sources (two textbooks) that would provide the technical and practical guidance required to build interviews questions and conduct efficient interviews. Abdulai, Tanko (2009) IMPLEMENTING EHR IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: POTENTIAL CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS (A CASE STUDY FROM GHANA). Masters Thesis, University of TromsÃÆ' ¸. Bhaskaran, V. et al. (2010) Online Surveys For Dummies. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, Inc. Fink, A. (2009) How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide. 4th ed. California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Nixon, Debra L. (2009) BARRIERS TO ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS (EMR) ADOPTION BY SELECTED PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS IN ARIZONA: A CASE STUDY. PhD dissertation, Capella University. Peden, Ann H. (2010) Factors Affecting Adoption of Electronic Health Record (EHR) Systems in United States Hospitals. PhD dissertation, University of Mississippi. Rishel, Wes; Handler, Thomas J.; D., M.; Edwards, Jonathan (2005) A Clear Definition of the Electronic Health Record. ID Number: G00130927. Stamford: Gartner. Rishel, Wes; Handler, Thomas J.; D., M. (2008) Global Definitions of EHR, PHR, E-Prescribing and Other Terms for Healthcare Providers. ID Number: G00163780. Stamford: Gartner. Witter, David M. (2010) Oregon Electronic Health Record Survey Report: Ambulatory Practices and Clinics. Oregon: Office for Oregon Health Policy and Research. Garets, Dave and Davis, Mike (2006) Electronic Medical Records vs. Electronic Health Records: Yes, There Is a Difference. Chicago: HIMSS Analytics. The key resources that would contribute to this research are as follow: UoL Online Library, Gartner, HIMSS, Google Scholar Mr. Mohamed Ahmed Abdul-Haleem (Sponsor) Interviews, questionnaire, and observations results and analysis Conduct of the Project Background research The concept of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) has been discussed from several aspects by a lot of researchers; such aspects are bringing to mind the benefits of the EMR in enhancing the healthcare services, as well as the barriers that affect the adoption of EMRs, in addition to the factors required to facilitate the success of EMRs adoption in different contexts. Data required Secondary data: In my dissertation I depend principally on two published researches (a masters thesis and a PhD) of relevant literature; IMPLEMENTING EHR IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: POTENTIAL CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS (A CASE STUDY FROM GHANA) and BARRIERS TO ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS (EMR) ADOPTION BY SELECTED PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS IN ARIZONA: A CASE STUDY These researches follow the case study approach using the qualitative analysis of the data collected by interviews and observations to stand on the physicians perception about: The benefits associated with the implementation of EMR systems, The barriers that prevent them from adopting EMR systems, Which of these barriers are unique to some environments, and Which of these barriers may be conquered through the enactment of special resolutions and policy changes These dissertations are of relevance to my work, as they try to investigate the benefits and barriers of adopting EMR systems in a specific domain, which could provi de comprehensive insight and guidance in conducting my study. On the other hand, some of the benefits, barriers, and interview questions in these studies will be acting as the foundation for developing some work in my dissertation. On the other hand, there are three industry researches attempting to provide a clear definition, description, and global variations of the EMR and EHR terms within the healthcare informatics setting. The three papers, (two from Gartner): A Clear Definition of the Electronic Health Record Global Definitions of EHR, PHR, E-Prescribing and Other Terms for Healthcare Providers And (one from HIMSS): Electronic Medical Records vs. Electronic Health Records: Yes, There Is a Difference are trying to introduce a unified definition for the EMR, which would help me in my study to clarify the terminology misconception, and consequently that would lend a hand in providing a common ground to better understand the issue. Finally, there are two textb ooks (Online Surveys For Dummies, and How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide) that would provide the technical and practical guidance required to build my questionnaire and analyze collected data. Primary data: The data that will be collected from the questionnaire would reveal insights into: How patient medical data is maintained in the Kuwaiti governmental hospitals The working background of the respondents with EMR, as well as their role in the decision-making process of implementation The factors driving the EMR implementation within Kuwaiti governmental hospitals Initiatives of the Kuwaiti government to promote EMR adoption in the governmental hospitals Benefits and major barriers of EMR implementation within governmental hospitals of Kuwait Some suggestions to the Kuwaiti government about how to overcome EMR implementation barriers in governmental hospitals It is important to mention that the method used to gather the information involved online/printed questionnaire distributed to the stakeholders (who are willing to cooperate) within the Kuwaiti governmental hospitals and other IT professionals who are somehow involved in the EMR implementation within these ho spitals. It is important to bear in mind that the method utilized to collect the data is not strictly scientific, and while the respondents to this survey arent fully representing the medical community, they still have some knowledge about Healthcare Information Technology (HIT) solutions and government plans of implementing them. On the other hand, the questionnaire results should not be considered as the absolute indictor of the phenomena, however, they should be considered as a valuable qualified indicator of relevant circumstances. Any new skills that will be required and how these will be acquired Skill How it will be acquired Design proper and efficient survey questions, plus organizing and analyzing collected data Using technical resources as guidance The design methods to be used The research method to be used is the Case Study approach The software to be used Google Docs Microsoft Office 2007 The Design Case study approach The aim of this case study is to investigate the  benefits of adopting the  Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems in the governmental  hospitals of Kuwait,  and  what are  the obstacles  that  impede the  implantation of  such systems,  as well as some  proposals  to overcome  these difficulties. The case study will try to shed some light on the phenomena through the qualitative analysis and interpretation of the data collected from the stakeholders (i.e. healthcare givers and IT professionals) using printed and online questionnaire, interviews, observation and personal experience in the field. Method triangulation As the focus of this research is to investigate the benefits and challenges of adopting Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait, through the qualitative analysis of the data collected from interviewing healthcare givers from each hospital (Kuwait has seven governmental hospitals) and IT professionals who participated in EMR implantations in some of these hospitals. For that reason, and with the aim of eventually ensure better quality of the dissertation, it is of great significance to verify the validity of the results reached, through comparing interviews results of the seven governmental hospitals with each other, so as to look for similarities and differences that will lend a hand in drawing a truthful final conclusion. Anticipated conclusions Anticipated conclusions possibly will include: A misconception and expression overlapping associated with the EMR within the professional community Stakeholders are aware of the significance and benefits of EMR systems, but unenthusiastic to implement or use New EMR implementation barriers may possibly pop-up during the data collection phase, and some of these barriers may appear to be unique to the State of Kuwait Personal interests play a major role in the implementation of EMR systems inside the governmental hospitals of Kuwait EMR adoption velocity will increase in the near future, as the health information technology is evolving hastily, and some of the suggestions to overcome EMR implementation barriers will be put into practice Statement of Deliverables Description of anticipated documentation content A research paper/document detailing: The importance of adopting EMRs, and their role in enhancing the delivered healthcare services The benefits and challenges associated with the EMRs implementations The essential requirements to have a successful EMR implementation within Kuwaiti governmental hospitals, as well as some resolutions for the implementation major obstacles. The final conclusions, recommendations, as well as any aspects of future work Description of anticipated experiments I am not conducting any experiments. Description of methods for evaluation of the work For the most part, continues evaluation of the dissertation will be conducted by the projects sponsor, the DA, and the professional community (including healthcare givers and IT professionals). Besides, the dissertation final submission will be evaluated by two assessors; the DA will be the first of them. The instruments used in the evaluation of the projects components and results will be the professional experience, as well as the predefined dissertations assessment criteria. The accurateness of the dissertation hypothesis will be verified in light of the following: The findings of relevant research papers and similar activities The delivered aims and objectives of the research The analysis of data collected from interviews Project plan and timing The following table illustrates the projects activates and their estimated start/end dates: # Activity Estimated Start Date Estimated End Date 01 RMT Module 30/09/2010 28/11/2010 Initial literature review 30/09/2010 20/11/2010 Submitting final proposal 24/11/2010 02 Approval of proposal 28/11/2010 03/12/2010 03 Submitting Project Specification and Design Document 01/12/2010 31/01/2011 04 Comprehensive literature review 04/12/2010 31/12/2010 05 Building interviews questions 14/12/2010 18/12/2010 06 Reviewing interviews questions with professional advisers 19/12/2010 21/12/2010 07 Conducting pilot interviews 21/12/2010 23/12/2010 08 Reviewing interviews questions after the pilot test 24/12/2010 26/12/2010 09 Conducting required interviews 27/12/2010 20/01/2011 10 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 01 28/12/2010 11 Collaborating and Analyzing data from literature and interviews 21/01/2011 31/01/2011 12 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 02 28/01/2011 13 Research and Writi ng-up 01/02/2011 26/05/2011 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 03 27/02/2011 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 04 28/03/2011 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 05 28/04/2011 14 Submitting dissertation draft 28/05/2011 07/06/2011 15 Reviewing dissertation and incorporating DA comments 07/06/2011 25/06/2011 16 Submitting final dissertation document 28/06/2011

Physician Assisted Suicide Permissible or Not - 1610 Words

Nikia Washington April 24, 2012 Death and Dying Christian Coons Physician Assisted Suicide: Permissible or Not? In the case of Physician Assisted Suicide, I believe only in certain, extreme, and clearly defined situations should a doctor be allowed to prescribe a drug to terminate a patient’s life. The role of a practicing medical doctor, or a physician, is defined by Mosby’s Dental Dictionary as a practitioner of medicine; one lawfully engaged in the practice of medicine. The essential word in this definition is lawful – physicians must act in a manner that is ethical to their practice and lawful to the country in which they are practicing. In most countries, murder and suicide are unlawful; therefore for a doctor to commit such an†¦show more content†¦3.) has an ample amount of time to live, but still has the desire to exit life, the physician should offer alternatives to the patient – euthanasia not being one of them. I have specifically identified the three situations above, because I feel only in these cases should the doctor seriously consider the option of PAS, or in the situation of option three, how to alternatively assist a patient who is seriously considering euthanasia. In the first case, I mention the doctor’s patient being in a permanent vegetative state – medically defined as patients who have an irreversible loss of brain damage who are left permanently unaware and extremely unlike to ever recover. The vegetative state case is a vital circumstance in which the doctor should consider euthanasia, because these patients will most likely never function fully as human beings again, therefore never to lead a life worth living. The decision is only to be made by the family, guardian, or caregiver of the patient rather the doctor should end treatment to allow to patient to live. However, this should only be done after six months of complete inactivity of the patient, to secure t here is no chance of revival. If the family requests for their loved one to be kept alive after the six month, their wishes must be granted; the doctor shall have no say in theShow MoreRelatedPhysician-Assisted Suicide: Is It Morally Permissible?1780 Words   |  8 PagesPHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE | IS IT MORALLY PERMISSIBLE? INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE-QUESTION My essay topic is whether or not physician assisted suicide is morally permissible. I intend to argue that it is permissible because a competent patient ultimately has the right to choose for themselves the course of their life, including how it will end. To lie in a hospital bed in a vegetative state, unable to see, think, speak, eat, being totally unaware of your surroundings or those of your lovedRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Morally Permissible1663 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician assisted suicide should be morally permissible. Patients who are in constant suffering and pain have the right to end their misery at their own discretion. This paper will explore my thesis, open the floor to counter arguments, explain my objections to the counter arguments, and finally end with my conclusion. I agree with Brock when he states that the two ethical values, self-determination and individual well-being, are the focal points for the argument of the ethical permissibility of Read MoreThe Debate Over Physician Assisted Suicide951 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, suicide, and more controversially, physician assisted suicide, is a hotly debated topic amongst both every day citizens and members of the medical community. The controversial nature of the subject opens up the conversation to scrutinizing the ethics involved. Who can draw the line between morality and immorality on such a delicate subject, between lessening the suffering of a loved one and murder? Is there a moral dissimilarity between letting someone die under your care andRead MoreThe Morality Of Physician Assisted Suicide1003 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of physician-assisted suicide is, â€Å"suicide by a patient facilitated by means or information (as a drug prescription or indicated of the lethal dosage) provided by a physician who is aware of how the patient intends to use such means or information.† I believe that some forms of euthanasia are moral given the pr emise that the patient is suffering from an incurable and painful disease and will die in the next few months. Given these exceptional circumstances, physician assisted suicide is permissibleRead MoreVoluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesis morally permissible? Voluntary Active Euthanasia is a controversial subject, Does one have the right to end their own life? According to Peter Singer in â€Å"Voluntary Euthanasia: A utilitarian Perspective,† Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible under certain circumstances. If and only if certain requirements are met by certain parties can the process of voluntary active euthanasia be completed. Certain situations where Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible include; mentalRead MoreEuthanasi The Complex Role Of The Physician With Physician Assisted Suicide1702 Words   |  7 PagesThe theoretical aim of this thesis is to introduce euthanasia, the complex role of the physician with physician-assisted suicide (PAS) under the argument that it is not an issue of passive or active. Nor right or wrong. Euthanasia is defined as the act or practice of killing or allowing someone to die on grounds of mercy (Morally Disputed Issues: A Reader, 341). In its complexion euthanasia is not merely a dead or alive decision as it truly is at its core goal. There is passive euthanasia which isRead MoreEssay on The Right To Die1135 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom medicine. The demands for assisted suicide and euthanasia are increasing (Kass 17). These issues raise many questions, legal and ethical. Although neither assisted suicide and euthanasia are legal, many people believe they should be. A great number of those people may never be faced with the decision, but knowing the option would be there is a comfort (Jaret 46). For those who will encounter the situation of loved ones on medication, being treated by physicians, sometimes relying on technicalRead MoreWhy Physician Assisted Suicide ( Pas ) Should Be Considered Morally Okay949 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) Should be Considered Morally Okay Physician assisted suicide (PAS), a widely controversial topic, has two apparent sides. Those who oppose the morality of PAS, and see deep rooted problems, and those who see PAS as beneficial and support the morality. With this issue gaining publicity, it is important to explore and examine exactly why allowing PAS would ultimately be beneficial to us all. California recently passed a bill allowing PAS, and the effects of thisRead MoreFree Doctor Assisted Suicide Within Canada1136 Words   |  5 PagesIn late February 2016, a recent debate among Canadian politicians arose on whether mature minors have the right to access doctor-assisted suicide within Canada. In Canadian Paediatric Society1 article, it explains how the government has a three-year deadline in order to create new legislation. However, the the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) believes that this three-year deadline Is not enough time to â€Å"gather adequate and appropriate information† on whether this practice should be allowed to beRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Physician Assisted Suicide1586 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Physician Assisted Suicide Is it Right or Wrong? The ethical issues of physician-assisted suicide are both emotional and controversial, as it ranks right up there with abortion. Some argue physician assisted suicide is ethically permissible for a dying person who has choosing to escape the unbearable suffering at the end of life. Furthermore, it is the physician’s duty to alleviate the patients suffering, which at times justifies providing aid-in -dying. These arguments

Wealth and Poverty A Study on Communism and the Communist...

Communism. The word sparks dread in the hearts of many Americans raised during the Cold War. What seems to be the basis for a potential utopian society in theory, so far has never, in practice, realized the desires of its institutors. Perhaps the reason communism has never been successful in effect lies in its most basic foundations. After all, a house, as most Texans can attest to, no matter how finely built, cannot stand careful scrutiny for cracks if its foundation is built on shifting soil. In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx addresses each of the popular objections people have, or had, towards communism. This essay seeks to explain whether he deals fairly with them all, and whether his arguments are, in the end, persuasive to†¦show more content†¦He condemns their actions, and then goes on to show how the communists will do the same thing. For example, he says, â€Å"Bourgeois marriage is in reality a system of wives in common, and this, at the most, what the Communists might possibly be reproached with, is that they desire to introduce, in substitution for a hypocritically concealed, an openly legalized community of women† (Marx 472). The above is also an example of how communism intends to destroy morality by simply making immorality legal. What Marx is advocating is a sexual free-for-all. The bourgeoisie are already doing it, but the communists can do it better by expanding it, and making it normal instead of wrong. They hate the bourgeoisie for what they do, but they are going to do it too. Making something legal does not make it right, any more than who is doing it does. The Bible says, â€Å"Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in orgies and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy† (The Holy Bible, New International Version, Rom. 13:13). Elsewhere, it also reminds readers not to envy those who practice evil. Presumably, the communists desire the same thing s as the bourgeoisie. They are jealous of what the bourgeoisie have, though they deem them hypocritical, and will go to great lengths to achieve it, be it immoral or no. In the process, they may become hypocritical themselves, but heaven forbid in theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Biography of Karl Marx1220 Words   |  5 Pagespeople of the same political background as his own. Marx’s ideas were unique and started uproar all over Europe. Marx helped write the Communist Manifesto one of the most important pieces of literature on Communism ever written. At one time people feared Communism as a power, which prompted Marx to write the Communist Manifesto and explain his ideas. How Communism should be used as type of government. He was seen as kind of an outlaw, having to move from country to country to avoid troubles with theRead MoreKarl Marx : The Oldest Surviving Boy Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pagesa group known as the Young Hegelians, who were challenging existing institutions and ideas on all fronts, including religion, philosophy, ethics and politics. In October 1835, at the age of 17, Marx travelled to the University of Bonn wishing to study philosophy and literature. however his father insisted to take on a better major. his father insisted law as a more practical field. During his early stages of education, marx also wanted to to pursue a career in the military. unfortunately he wasRead MoreMarxist Approach to History and Politics2584 Words   |  11 Pages19th century, was faced with. As many great political thinkers before and after him, Marx’s political ideology was partly shaped by his experiences, and is arguably the framework behind the inception of some of his greatest works such as the Communist Manifesto of 1848.  Marx was born in Prussia at a time when a dynastic monarchy still maintained their rule and social woes were aggravated by the shift from Feudalism to an ever increasing Industrial society. As Marx continually moved from country toRead MoreCommunism And The Communist Manifesto3222 Words   |  13 Pagespropose that the Communist Manifesto has only a weak correlation to current world. To prove this, I will explore four key factors. First, I will summarize Communism and the foundation of the Communist Manifesto using the designated class study materials. I believe that it is essential for the reader to have a baseline upon which I will then explain my position. I will also explore how Religion relates to the concept of universal justice in society and how it plays into the communist manifesto. I will thenRead MoreCommunism and Capitalism: Strange Bedfellows Essay2599 Words   |  11 PagesWhat is it about communism that makes many people scurry and cringe? In America, the mere word might as well be banned from the dictionary. The only time it is used is when talking about new aggressive movements by totalitarian communist countries. American’s tolerance level for communism is zero to none. Is communism so horrific that the thought of some forms being successful is out of the question? In society today, capitalism is the leading economic system. When compared to other systems, fewRead MoreUnderstanding Societal Wealth and Inequality Thesis Statement on What Can Help Society (Hybrid of Capitalism and Communism)3650 Words   |  15 PagesUNDERSTANDING SOCIETAL WEALTH AND INEQUALITY THESIS STATEMENT ON WHAT CAN HELP SOCIETY (HYBRID OF CAPITALISM AND COMMUNISM) WHAT IS WEALTH On a general basis, wealth is an accumulation of physical entities which hold great importance to us. These entities are objects such as money, land, jewelries, gold, precious stones and so much more. It is also a means were by people grade themselves or attain superiority over others. Wealth comes with power, prestige, honor, and integrity. Wealth is a very importantRead MoreKarl Marx : An Atheist And Materialist1204 Words   |  5 Pagesmember of the well-known group called the Young Hegelian circle. This helped Marx focus on his studies and guided him in the right direction. After four years of attendance in 1841 he graduated and was awarded with a degree for being a doctor of philosophy. (Karl) Karl Marx was known for being a founder of scientific socialism. His ideas commonly known as Marxism â€Å"form the foundation of socialist and communist movements throughout the world.† (Karl) Marx believed capitalism corrupted human nature andRead More Comparing Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill Essay4553 Words   |  19 Pagesdifficult to support his growing family. He finally settled in London in 1849, where he lived in poverty while studying and developing his economic and political theories. Above all else, Marx believed that philosophy ought to be employed in practice to change the world. Although it at first had little impact on the varied revolutionary movements of the mid-19th century Europe, the Communist Manifesto was to become one of the most widely read and discussed documents of the 20th century. Marx soughtRead MoreOutline the Contribution of Marxism to Our Society Essay1939 Words   |  8 PagesKarl Marx who was born in Germany in 1818 was a revolutionary whose ideas on society were the foundation of communism. Under modern capitalism the means of production, such as factories, land, and technology are controlled by a small minority who Marx called the bourgeoisie. Production is carried out by the working class, known as the proletarians who have to sell their labour or face poverty or starvation. Taken together these two classes form the economic base of society, what Marx called the substructureRead MoreSocial Justice And Government By Karl Marx1930 Words   |  8 Pagesdetermine human consciousness. In the eyes of Marx, it is better for the sake of wel l-being and social justice to turn their focus onto activities such as the forces of production and the relationships of production. In Karl Marx essay â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† he talks about the relations in production between the town and country. He states that the country supplies produce and goods for the town, and in return the industrial companies make equipment and necessities that the country side needs

Qualifications and ETD in South Africa †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Standards And Qualifications in South Africa. Answer: Introduction Reflective practice is an important tool to let people understand their personal behavior, and their working pattern. This helps to develop and maintain the ability of individuals to accept their flaws and understand the aspects of their behavior of their working pattern they need to work on (Dean et al. 2012). In this assignment, I will be discussing the Critical Cross-Field Outcomes (CCFOs) related to the ETD or education, training and developments in South Africa according to the guidelines of SAQA or South African Qualifications Authority. Further, I will be critically discussing the CCFOs that enables me to improve my practices. The two CCFOs that I will be discussing are communication skill and organization capability. Reflection of my own practice While working with the sales trading company Dodos Matrix, all the employees had to be actively involved in a training program to learn the proper to way to operate Dodos point of sales system. The purpose of this system was to make the new employees of the Rampar trading aware of the rules and regulations of the organizations sales system and create a unit standard so that the matrix created can be utilized properly. Through this unit standard, the employees will be trained regarding the process, they will be assessed to understand the achievable outcomes and specific activities will be allotted to them as per their capabilities. Strengths: while determining the unit standard, I was very confident that I would be able to the necessary standards as per the sales matrix easily within the training process, as I was better than many of them with respect to skills. I was aware that prior knowledge of Card and RCS payment, cash up, lay-bye sale and refund would help to develop the necessary skills as per the matrix. Weaknesses: further while developing the unit standard, few sessions that I used to avoid, as I was not confident enough to undergo training regarding those processes and that process was the assessment process. I was not properly aware of the assessment criteria and hence was less confident regarding the process. Opportunities: While developing the unit matrix I came to know about the assessment criteria that helped me to develop the unit standard for the organization and the forthcoming training processes. Therefore, preparing the matrix was an opportunity for me to fulfill my weakness and utilize my complete knowledge regarding it to create and implement the unit standard. Threats: Despite of the fact that I was able to understand my loopholes in understanding the programs and sales matrix of the learning program, I still have problems while running the admin portal the payment section, cash count section and customer section is not clear to me. Therefore, for the assessment criteria and outcome of the unit standard, I need assistance so that I can learn each nuances of it. The CCFOs and their role in improving my practices Critical cross-field outcomes or CCFOs are a set of unit standards defined in the South African Qualification Authority (SAQA). The South African national authority defines these outcomesto make the ETD system or the education training and development process clear and understandable. The two CCFOs I applied in my learning process to improve my flaws were communication process and my organization skills(South African Qualifications Authority 2018). Communication skills: effective communication helps people to achieve personal success and sense the accomplishment. This is an important tool for improvement as communication with peers, trainer or the organization head will led people understand what their shortcomings or loopholes are while conducting a process (Robles 2012). This will further help the individual to fulfill those loopholes and become a better and improved individual altogether. While going through the learning program for the system matrix, I was attentive and behaved positively, as these values are important to learn any process (Mishra, Boynton and Mishra 2014). Organization skills: While going through the process, one thing I noticed about myself that I was able to organize my theoretical as well as practical knowledge to understand in which section I need help from my trainers. This skill helped me to improve my shortcomings in the system matrix process (Deming 2017). Compliance of the learning process with NFQ and its standards The National Qualification Framework (NQF) is the guidelines that are needed to provide the philosophical base of an organizational structure. The guidelines are needed in the purpose of setting a standard within an organization according to the educational qualification of an individual. The integration of education and training that is highly essential in the context of the job requirements. The National Qualification framework provides the opportunity of the learners to deal with the better levels of understanding. As the skill force within the nation is increased it can help it can help in the process of improving the intellectual capability of the nation. The chance of the nation to have better capability to establish within the global community that is achieved with the help of advanced skills. The guidelines of the training also need to have critical outcomes. This will help to ensure that regular changes are made within the training process (South African Qualifications Autho rity 2018). However, the difficult portion of this learning program was the assessment process. The evaluation was focused on completion of learning outcome therefore the trainers did not focused on the aspect that we, the trainees are able to utilize the theoretical learning in practical assessment of not. According to NQF, the trainers developed the process after complying with the standards of education, qualification, training and development as the curriculum developed for the training process complied with the qualification, standard and elective unit standards. It was evident from the facts as the training program had planned learning outcomes;they had their specific assessment criteria (questionnaires or practical assessment) and the unit standards depending on the NSB regulations. Therefore, according to my understanding, the training program was inspired from the SAQA and NQF regulations and followed the elective unit standards, depending on which it conducted analysis to determine the learning outcomes and used defined standards for assessment, education training and development (The national qualifications framework and curriculum development 2018). Conclusion Reflection practice is a strategy used by learners and trainers worldwide to understand their pattern of work, pattern of mistakes and the scope of improvement in the process. In this assignment, I reflected on the raining program, in which I took part while working in the Rampar sales matrix. The training was to acquire the detailed knowledge of the sales process and its admin customer and organizational aspects. While going through the training I understood my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of learning. Further, the critical cross-field outcomes such as communication and organization skills that helped me to overcome the weakness and threats and acquire the through details of the process. References Dean, B. Amelia., Sykes, C., Agostinho, S. and Clements, M. 2012. Reflective assessment in work-integrated learning: to structure or not to structure, that was our question. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 13 (2), pp.103-113. Deming, D.J., 2017. The growing importance of social skills in the labor market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(4), pp.1593-1640. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. and Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications. International Journal of Business Communication, 51(2), pp.183-202. Robles, M.M., 2012. Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace. Business Communication Quarterly, 75(4), pp.453-465. South African Qualifications Authority 2018.South African Qualifications Authority. [online] Saqa.org.za. Available at: https://www.saqa.org.za/list.php?e=NQF The national qualifications framework and curriculum development2017,The National Qualifications Framework and Curriculum Development,viewed 3 February 2018, fromhttps://www.saqa.org.za/docs/pol/2000/curriculum_dev.pdf.

Business Decision Making Swaggies

Question: Discuss about the Business Decision Making Swaggies Chain store. Answer: Ongoing Effectiveness and Security Keycard Access System The premises in Sydney for the new system should be associated with high level of security system. Each member entering into the designated areas of facilities should be having key card access system. This computerized authentication system will restrict the entrance of unauthenticated person in the facility area. This digital locking system will limit the access of unauthenticated person in the facility area (Robb et al., 2016). This magnetic key is can also act the ID card for the persons entering into the production facility site. In this way, the key card access system will ensure the ongoing effectiveness and security measures of the facility area. It should be noticed that each employee is actually using keycards before entering into the facility area. There should be proper penalty for the employees, who will break the security measures of keycard access system. Log in Credential Each member working in the facility area should be having proper log in credentials for accessing important information regarding the new system, process and procedures. In this process, the members of the organization should have to gain access to the computer system through identifying and authenticating themselves. Each member will be having their own user name and matching password for getting access to the computer system and other important information. It would ultimately restrict the access of information by unauthenticated persons and ensure that the system is effective and secure (Harris Patten, 2014). However, the organization should take the strategy of monitoring the security of password for the authentication. It should be ensured that the members are actually protecting their password and not passing on their password to another person. Security Checks All the employees working in the facility area must undergo the security check procedure prior to commencement of the Government contact (Basin et al., 2014). However, the authority of processing security check should be restricted to some essential staffs. It will reduce the minimize the chance of security breaches and increase the effectiveness of the whole system. Moreover, the checks on personnel should be retuned in 48 hours towards smoothening the process. All the employees must have clearance as soon as possible. Furthermore, the potential employees should also be checked before their employment. Most importantly, all the employees must be having issued photo ID cards for proving their authenticity in the facility area. CCTV Security System In order to ensure the effectiveness and security of the facility area, Swaggies should install CCTV system in the new production facility area. It will act as direct surveillance system on the working area. The main office of the organization can have direct observation on this new facility area (Harris Patten, 2014). Therefore, they can better restrict any illegal activity area in the facility area and prevent the entrance of unauthenticated person. However, it should be ensured that sufficient cameras are there in the facility area, which are connected with main CCTV surveillance. Moreover, the cameras should cover broad areas of the area for constant checking on all activities. Training for Existing and Future Staff Course Evaluation Course evaluation can be the best strategy for evaluating the effectiveness of the training system. In this strategy, the employees should be asked questions regarding the important for training in the overall evaluation of the program. Apart from that, some trainee evaluation questionnaires will also bet set for evaluating the effectiveness of the training program. The questionnaires will be associated with availability of all required course material in the training and application of new skills towards enhancing the overall skill levels of the employees. Moreover, the organization should link such information with the overall objective measurements for getting complete picture of the training outcome. Performance Evaluation Objective measurement is the evaluation of employees performance and companys performance. It is also the comparison between the recent performance with the levels of performance achieved prior to the training program (Elnaga Imran, 2013). Before measuring the performance level of the employees, the organization should establish specific target and error rate for them. The target will be defined as the improvement of the employees correspond to the training program. After the training session, the organization should measure the error rate of the employee with the established target against the training session. The training session should be considered as effective, when the performance level of the employees will meet or exceed the established target of the organization. Effective performance measurement can also be measured, when the employees will put the learnings of training into real practice. Moreover, based on the performance level of the employees, further training session should be arranged for enhancing the employee skills. Behavior Evaluation Sometimes, the behavior of the employees can affect the performance level of the employees. Therefore, apart from measuring the performance level of the employees, the organization should also measure the behavioral aspects of the employees. Moreover, the organization should identify the unacceptable and questionable behavior of the employees before the training session, which can have major impact on their performance level. There should also be the target in assessing the behavioral aspects of the employees after their training. The corresponding tools for such evaluation should be like co-workers complaints and report and evaluation from the supervisor. The training session should be measured against such behavioral characteristics for measuring their behavioral aspects. In this way, the effectiveness of training session and overall system can be measured. Knowledge Evaluation Sometimes, employees having positive attitude may not have the adequate knowledge for carrying out the assigned task. Hence, effective training must ensure that the employees are having adequate skills and knowledge towards meeting the targeted performance (Towler et al., 2014). Effective training program identify the required knowledge for specific task and test the employees against this skill. The organization should arrange this test for ensuring required knowledge within the employees for meeting specific task. Effective training session ensures adequate knowledge against the specific task and make the employees able to pass the test. In this way, this test will ultimately measure the effectiveness of the training program towards overall effectiveness of the new system. Customer Satisfaction Delivery Time Timely delivery of products plays an important role in satisfying the customers. Customers want every order to be delivered within stipulated time. It actually enhances the values of the customers through on time delivery (Blut et al., 2015). Therefore, Swaggies should be highly concerned about mearing on time delivery of the uniform components to the Australian Defense Force. The production facility areas of the organization should look after the daily basis of supply chain towards ensuring timely delivery of the products to the customers. The material lead time of the organization should be less and they should use just in time approach in production system for ensuring timely delivery of the products to the clients. Moreover, the organization should also ensure penalty system in case of late delivery of the products to the clients. In this way, the organization should ensure the effectiveness of new system though proper customer satisfaction. Service Service provided to the customers are also extremely important for ensuring high level of customer satisfaction. The service delivery should be flexible enough for the clients. The ordering process and delivery system should be flexible for the clients. The organization should also ensure that the clients are given enough respect during availing their service. Moreover, it should be ensured that the clients are provided with the services as per the organizational commitment. Furthermore, the organizational should regularly follow the complaints of the customers and handle the complaints properly and gracefully. Apart from that, the service of the organization should be prompt enough towards resolving the complaints immediately. In this way, the effectiveness of the new system will remain intact by enhancing customer satisfaction. Product Availability Product availability has significant role in enhancing the level of customer satisfaction. The number of finished products should be adequate enough towards meeting the demand of the clients (Oh et al., 2017). Lack of product availability actually delay the delivery time of the products to the customers. In this way, it can minimize the valuable time of the clients. Therefore, the organization should be highly concerned about the product availability in their stock towards meeting the demand of the clients. It would ensure that right numbers of products will be delivered to the client at right time by enhancing their value. In this way, product availability will enhance the level of customer satisfaction by enhancing the overall effectiveness of the new system. Quality Quality of the products are extremely important factor for satisfying the customers. The quality of the products should be high enough towards meeting the perceived quality of the customers about the product (Stock Bednarek, 2014). In case of Swaggies, the organization should also be highly concerned about the quality of the uniform components provided to the Australian Defense Force. The weight, color and design of the uniform components should be comfortable enough for the defense force. Moreover, the organization should set a minimum standard to be ensured in regards to their product quality. In this way, the organization will be able to ensure the effectiveness of the new system with increased customer satisfaction. References Harris, M., P. Patten, K. (2014). Mobile device security considerations for small-and medium-sized enterprise business mobility.Information Management Computer Security,22(1), 97-114. Basin, D., Burri, S. J., Karjoth, G. (2014). Obstruction-free authorization enforcement: Aligning security and business objectives.Journal of Computer Security,22(5), 661-698. Blut, M., Frennea, C. M., Mittal, V., Mothersbaugh, D. L. (2015). How procedural, financial and relational switching costs affect customer satisfaction, repurchase intentions, and repurchase behavior: A meta-analysis.International Journal of Research in Marketing,32(2), 226-229. Elnaga, A., Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), 137-147. Oh, H., Oh, H., Kim, K., Kim, K. (2017). Customer satisfaction, service quality, and customer value: years 2000-2015.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,29(1), 2-29. Robb, D. A., Rohde, F. H., Green, P. F. (2016). Standard Business Reporting in Australia: efficiency, effectiveness, or both?.Accounting Finance,56(2), 509-544. Stock, R. M., Bednarek, M. (2014). As they sow, so shall they reap: customers influence on customer satisfaction at the customer interface.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(4), 400-414. Towler, A., Watson, A., A. Surface, E. (2014). Signaling the importance of training.Journal of Managerial Psychology,29(7), 829-849.