Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Majority rule government - Essay Example Generally the pioneer is on a vanity job. Second, a theocracy which is a type of rule whereby authority is vested to people of a similar family on the grounds of monetary or money related may. Under present day order there exist various sorts of systems as proposed by Tilly (2007). These are: First fascism which is a system under the standard, one nation, one state, one ruler. A solitary individual has all the forces with no other individual or body to challenge his forces. There exists a solitary ideological group under such initiative. The value of such administration is that dynamic procedure is quick on the grounds that the phase of counseling isn't there or is insignificant. The impediment is the mistreatment of people’s conclusions and abuse of intensity by the tyrant. Tyranny is for the most part supported when there is submissiveness by people in general on a specific head or obliviousness with respect to the electorate on another type of authority. The electorate ough t to be sharpened on various initiative styles and numerous gatherings ought to be given a stage for their development in order to give the open different belief systems to look over. Second, vote based system is essentially administered by the individuals, by the individuals and for the individuals. The upsides of such guideline are that need is given to the requirements of the individuals. Pioneers are picked by the individuals and work on their requests. Numerous ideological groups with different philosophies fortify majority rule government while one gathering framework debilitates it. The presence of numerous ideological groups builds the expense of offering the gathering's belief system to the individuals and the political race process. Federalism This is essentially the guideline of offering forces to different bodies and such like establishments. These bodies have the ability to oversee freely. The focal government carefully manages expert in security just as outsider approa ch however these bodies can have overall duties. Federalism developed because of the craving to maintain a strategic distance from unified standard. The researchers related with federalism pushed for self-governance and assorted variety in organization, strategy making and asset use. They differ on the course of action of having a solitary unit having this power. Federalism accordingly removes overabundance powers from a solitary unit to keep away from abuse and wastefulness and circulates it to different units. Much of the time this empowers development. Federalism ought to be progressively energized particularly in states where force is by all accounts given to a solitary establishment or ruler. Such a circumstance has made it extremely simple for there to be an abuse of power or mistreatment of the minorities. One of the foundations that could be effectively used to designate forces to various organizations and check these forces is the legal executive. It makes an interpretation of as per the constitution what controls every single body should gangs in this way advancing federalism. In many cases parliaments, whenever given an excessive amount of intensity, demoralizes federalism. This is the point at which it makes bills and absent a lot of thought to what the open wants passes this bill into law. Equivalent Opportunity Equal open door implies the scratching off of those enactments that would presumably realize separations. These may be in the political field, financial or social. In the past political endeavors were carefully saved for men. They involved approach making workplaces just as usage and organization. Ladies never found the opportunity to have a state. In a general public that has equivalent possibility philosophies; a few components must be obvious in the rules controlling such equivalent possibility strategy. First there must be the range into which arrangements made relate to. Second the deeds to be investigated must be spread out. Third me thods of placing into activity the rules just as those in control Last

A Kinematic Analysis of a dominant versus non-dominant leg football Lab Report - 1

A Kinematic Analysis of a predominant versus non-prevailing leg football kick - Lab Report Example In this examination, a correlation will be made between the kinematics of the kicking of the prevailing leg and that of the non-predominant leg. This examination plans to read the kick for shooting the ball and for achieving low-drive ball. The goal of this investigation is to apply the data that improves the abilities and level of execution of the non-prevailing leg of the soccer player. Further to that, this examination targets looking at discoveries on the biomechanics utilized in soccer kicks for the distinguishing proof of new perspectives and variables impacting the presentation of soccer kicks. Soccer match is among the most well known games all around. The hostile activity in the soccer match is the soccer kick. The group with most of shooting stands more prominent chances to dominate the match. In such manner, it is exceptionally fundamental to improve the soccer kicking strategy in the preparation programs among the youthful enthusiastic soccer players. The adequacy of instep soccer kicks is influenced by different factors, for example, the sort of kick, the kicking good ways from the objective, environmental weight (air opposition) and the technique for principle kick according to the portrayal of the biomechanical examination. Prior investigations have investigated the subtleties of biomechanics in the soccer development. New changes have occurred in the exhibition of soccer kick, for example, the three-dimensional kinematics. Different developments incorporate the joint-minutes, which drive the joint development, football execution components and different elements influencing the biomechanics of soccer kick. The basic kinematics of lower appendages in the instep soccer kicks have recently experienced appraisal. These interest the assessment of the rakish kicking position, the precise speed and the joint direct kinematics included. The direct speed of the lower leg hips and the knee in soccer kicks toward the beginning of the development to purpose of contacting the ground, at that point at last to the ball sway (Mizrahi et al, 2000). A few investigations of soccer-kick

The Geotechnical Engineering On Soil Engineering Essay

The Geotechnical Engineering On Soil Engineering Essay Numerous dirts can demonstrate tricky in geotechnical designing since they can grow, breakdown, experience over the top settlement, have an unmistakable absence of solidarity or be destructive. Along these lines various soils have various shortcomings and cause various issues this issues can run from a little split in the divider to a sinkhole that pulverizes a town. During the practicality examination and arranging phases of activities that includes foundation, it is critical to recognize tricky soils since this could spare expenses or potentially upgrade of the undertaking later on. On the off chance that it is noted before the venture is begun the task can be moved or the dirt acclimated to fulfill the undertakings needs. A part of the Gautrain rail, around 16 km, from Pretoria to Centurion navigate on dolomitic grounds. Of this 16 km about 5.8 km of the rail were built on viaduct with the rest of the part legitimately on ground level. It is realized that the development on the issue soil dolomite is troublesome. At the point when an advancement is attempted on dolomite it requires unique examinations that are led by pro in the examination of dolomitic landscape. Created territories, for example, Gauteng have elevated levels of urbanization. The development on dolomite in these regions represents a potential hazard to the security of numerous individuals and the structures wherein they work and live. In this report the topography of dolomite, were it tends to be discovered, why the dirt is viewed as risky just as the arrangements and upgrades that should be possible to have the option to expand on dolomite will be talked about. 2. Area and dissemination Point by point soil maps would be a first decision of data source in a common development venture when data on the dirt kind is required. Be that as it may, except for certain metropolitan territories of the Western Cape and the Gauteng Provence, definite soil maps are not regularly accessible (P Page-Green, 2008). A blend of angles, for example, geography, atmosphere and the dirt example are the essential things of South African soil maps. There are two significant dolomite events in South Africa to be specific, in the Transvaal Sequence the Chuniespoort Group and in Griqualand west Sequence the Campbell Group (Wagener F von M, 1985). Soils that create on dolomite have exceptional issues. These dirts are best distinguished from standard land maps. While building on dolomite it is vital that the degree of the issue is distinguished well ahead of time in this way the utilization of soil maps during development is regularly repetitive. It isn't in every case simple to recognize dolomitic soils since it isn't regularly legitimately presented to the surface. Generally talking about 25% of the Gauteng area, and parts of Mpumalanga, Limpopo and the Northern Province are underlain by dolomite. These zones can be seen on the topographical maps underneath were the blue parts are the dolomite.http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSGUgF0OReutcRPt8uC2klISB-nMc-Adm_G0YlBqowa1WYU14FPZQhttp://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSGUgF 0OReutcRPt8uC2klISB-nMc-Adm_G0YlBqowa1WYU14FPZQ Figure : Distribution of dolomite in Gauteng Figure : Distribution of dolomite in South Africa (Council for Geocience, 2008) On the guide cry it very well may be seen that the territory among centurion and Pretoria were the rail of the Gautrain was built is underlain by dolomite. The band of dolomite encompasses the granitic arch of Johannesburg Figure : Geological guide of the region encompassing the Gautrain site (Gautrain,2009) 3. Topography of Dolomite Antiquated carbonate rocks contains dominatingly two minerals in particular calcite (CaCO3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2). A carbonate rock is known as limestone in the event that it is commanded by calcite (over 95% with under 5% dolomite), when it is overwhelmed by dolomite (the mineral) it is called dolomite (the stone) (Warren, 2000). At the point when dolomite is in a stone development it contains over 90% dolomite with the rest of the segment being calcite, detrital minerals and chert. Not many sedimentary dolomites are carefully stoichiometric, for example CaMg(CO3)2, and can be better spoken to as: Ca(1+x)Mg(1-x)(CO3)2, by including the range from calcian to magnesian dolomites (Warren, 2000). Dolomite is one of the 8 significant issue soils (Expansive, Dispersive, Collapsible, Saline, Acid sulfate containing material, Compressive, dolomitic, and soils inclined to liquefaction) found in South Africa (P Page-Green, 2008). Dolomite which is a stone containing calcium-magnesium carbonates have an unmistakable elephant skin surface when endured by even somewhat acidic water. Figure : Elephant skin enduring of dolomite (Council for Geocience, 2008) This enduring happens when water takes up carbon dioxide from either the climate or the dirt to for a frail carbonic corrosive. It takes up the most carbon dioxide from the dirt since it contains 90% more than the atmosfhere. Dolomite has a higher solvency that different rocks with the huge arrangement saw in months or years since the disintegration forms is gradually in somewhat acidic water. Elephant skin enduring of Dolomite This procedure might be spoken to with the accompanying science condition: CaMg(CO3)2 + 2 H2CO3  à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’â Ca(HCO3)2 + Mg(HCO3)2 The disintegration procedure in this way prompts the arrangement of underground surrenders as well as cavities. After this enduring procedure has occurred the development of Wad, an unpredictable leftover soil mantle happens which at that point overlays the dolomite bedrock. The known attributes for this frail Wad material are low thickness, profoundly erodible and exceptionally compressible. These attributes of the dirt make it unacceptable for establishment expanding on it. Inside this Wad layer extremely hard chert can be discovered extending from 7mm to 1m top to bottom. This chert (silica) structures groups that are spasmodic and since it is found in the delicate Wad it is unsatisfactory to help an establishment. Inside the dirt layers flouters or also called stones of strong stone are available. These flouters are framed because of zeniths that have either fallen or have been subverted. The floaters are encircled by soil making development on it perilous since the size of the floater and the quality of the dirt undelaying it isn't known. The bedrock of dolomitic layers comprises of a progression of rock zeniths. These zeniths are regularly between 10 20 m long. In boreholes bored only 10 m separated the bedrock profundity can contrast by 30m or more. The profundity of the strong bedrock from ground level can differ from a couple of meters to profundities that are more prominent than 100 meters. On account of the Gautrain the strong bedrock was discovered 30 meters beneath the ground surface at a portion of the locales. It is difficult to figure out where the bedrock is. Along these lines specific drillings (review gaps) should be made to decide the area of the strong bedrock. These gaps are penetrated to guarantee that an establishment isn't expand on a floater or on the hard chert layer. 4. Why the dirt is risky Two of the city hall leader issues related with dolomite are the arrangement of sinkholes and dolines. 4.1 Sinkholes As the dolomite debauched pits structure which prompts the development of splits as a curve. These splits get more extensive and longer as the dirt is disintegrated and the pits get greater. At the point when the hidden soil is activated in the center by an upsetting specialist or the depressions get large enough a sinkhole is framed. With little sinkholes the cross-segment takes after a bottleneck as soil falls through a cavity. Sinkholes can happens out of nowhere or after some time and structures an opening going in sizes. The sinkhole can be arranged as far as its size as proposed by Buttrick and Van Schalkwyk, as appeared in the table beneath. Greatest width of surface indication (m) Phrasing Little sinkhole 2 5 Medium-size sinkhole 5 15 Enormous sinkhole > 15 Extremely huge sinkhole Table 1. Recommended characterization of sinkholes as far as size (Buttrick Van Schalkwyk, 1995) Figure : the development of a sinkhole The development of sinkholes can straightforwardly be connected to the adjustments in the water table. Practically all sinkhole arrangements are because of human exercises. These exercises incorporate the dewatering because of mines, releasing utility administrations and deliberation of ground water. Sinkholes can be sad and can prompt loss of property or live as noted previously. 4.2 Dolines Dolines can be portrayed as an encased melancholy. Dolines structure because of the pressure of the dolomite residuum at specific profundities. There are two primary sorts of dolines in particular dewatering type and immersion type. There is another kind of doline that is alluded to as a halfway created sinkhole which is brought about by the disintegration of the subsurface materials (Council for Geocience, 2008). Dewatering-type Doline A dewatering-type doline happens continuously till it frames an enormous encased sadness toward the finish of the procedure. The system behind the development of this kind of doline can be summed up as follow: Inside the dolomite rock profile there is a zone that is profoundly endured which is loaded up with possibly exceptionally compressible material. A piece of this material is typically lowered underneath the current groundwater level. When the groundwater level falls quickly the recently lowered and unconsolidated soil is uncovered which brings about a lessening of the pore water pressure. The thick layer of wad that is uncovered by the brought down water table may cause unnecessary pressure and quick surface settlement. A plunge also called a downturn of the surface is brought about by the settlement. Because of respectful development surface pressure breaks happen in the encompassing zone. Surface Saturation-type Doline Surface immersion type dolines are generally under 5m in breadth along these lines moderately little. The component behind the development of this kind of doline can be summed up as follow: Happens in circumstances where compressible dolomitic material underlay a territory at generally shallow profundities with the gr

Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cold War - Essay Example It is called Cold War on the grounds that the relations were frigid in any event and never arrived at breaking point to welcome on a shooting war. It is likewise 'cold' in light of the fact that each attempt to sabotage each other's political force. There were a few zones where conceivably both were at loggerheads and where another WW III could have followed had more sweltering heads won. In West Berlin, Russia barricaded this US,UK and France-controlled zone with a divider that made the last interpret that they were purposefully captured. A dtente followed when US did a gigantic carrying of provisions as opposed to utilizing power. In the Iron Curtain, Stalin persuaded these Slav and Balkan nations to acknowledge socialism as type of government since Russia required them as support states against Germany yet the Allies interpreted this as an extreme its image of government. In Greece and Turkey, Russia disapproved of when there the Truman Doctrine was applied for example US gave reserves and monstrous guide with the goal that both might have the option to oppose socialist endeavors to enslave them. In Western Europe, the US thought of the Marshall Plan, which was a multi-billion guide program to remake the practically bankrupt countries assaulted by WW II. Russia responded with alarm since that would make it hard for them to incite disagreement and discontent. At that point the NATO, made out of USA, Britain, Canada and Western Europe including West Germany was built up with the end goal of commonly making sure about themselves from conceivable socialist military hostility. In spite of the overweening strain and heightened threats, no full-scale war exuded. Also, this was on the grounds that USA had imagined the nuclear bomb and shown how it can resolve clashes with critical outcomes. It is a result of the improvement of these nuclear and nuclear bombs, rockets and different arms stockpiles of war and in view of the unpredictability of plans associated with upsetting the adversary that secret activities turned into an essential apparatus to outmaneuver the opponent. As right on time as the 1920's, USSR through its NKVD and OGPU knowledge operators, had just entered the State and the War Departments and other government organizations by selecting left-inclining Americans, outside conceived Americans and Russians as spies to get grouped and private privileged insights and transmit3 them to Moscow as microfilms or as scrambled links. At that point, the enthusiasm of the Russian government operative ring was the modern and military privileged insights of USA and the principal focus for invasion was the FAECT(Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians) and with fulfilling results (Usdin 28). In one case, it was found that reconnaissance had arrived at the top echelon of the State Department with Alger Hiss, one of its high ranking representatives got flatfooted when Time Magazine manager Whittaker Chambers, himself an admitted Soviet specialist, appeared and affirmed that Hiss gave to him a microfilm of State Department records. Indeed, even the movie business was not saved as the HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee), frightened by the pattern of left-inclining films, cross examined executives

Mediating Of Organizational Identification -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Mediating Of Organizational Identification? Answer: Introducation Maxfield (2016) in his article featured the effect of the way of life of quietness in the working environment. The individuals will in general remain quietness, regardless of whether they find out about the offense or deceptive direct is being taken by their associates. It is seen in a considerable lot of the cases over different various associations that the representatives are hesitant to speak more loudly on the off chance that they discover any defect in their bosses contribution to the organization. This is because of the dread of bad conduct or negative effect that may emerge in their bearer. Comparable proof can be seen in crafted by Nafei (2016), where he distinguished that numerous wants to oppose the offense that happens in the work environment or some other circumstance in the in their day by day lives, however just a couple can remain against it. This possibly diminishes the authoritative presentation. The article of Maxfield featured huge numbers of the situations where the profitability of the association confronted critical fall because of the inadequate choice taken by the more significant position authority. In any case, this could have been maintained a strategic distance from as the representatives could distinguish the hole in proposition made that at last came about declination. The article additionally proposes a few strategies for changing the way of life of quiet existing among the workers. Maxfield accept that the way of life of quiet is a typical consider present each association. He further expect this is a consequence of uncertainty in the work environment that the representatives feel. This makes them clumsy for remaining against the wrongdoing occurring. Besides, the creator distinguishes that the workers burn through a lot of time and profitability thinking, compensating and griping about the issue with their partners. These have direct effect on the efficiency in the authoritative level and in cases it can go down as less as half of their potential profitability (Maxfield, 2016). Fortunately there are approaches to beat the circumstance, where the pioneers of the association need to stand firm to destroy the issue. The creator has recommended a portion of the strategies that may assist the association with overcoming the circumstance. Be that as it may, no proof of proficiency of the strategies are introduced in the article, which can be distinguished as the pri ncipal confinement of the article. Besides, the creator didn't recommend the technique of actualizing the strategies, which can be viewed as the second constraint of the work. Both subjective and quantitative information are available in the article that causes us to distinguish the nearness of both the technique for information assortment and investigation. It tends to be expected that the creator has used the shut finished poll for gathering the information on the assessments of the workers with respect to the problem that needs to be addressed separation and offense. Subjective information then again is accepted to be gathered utilizing the open finished survey (Flick, 2015). The subjective information were gathered from both the workers and the higher specialists of associations fused in the examination. Thus, it is conceivable to the proof nearness of a blended strategy in the Maxfields work. Moreover, the proof of arbitrary testing strategy is available in the article. The creator directed the examination more than 1025 administrators and representatives in different associations paying little mind to the business. Instances of human services alongsi de other modern firms can be utilized as the supporting proof for the above explanation. The examination recognizes the way of life of quietness in various associations structure expanded bearings that winds up communicating comparative outcomes. An examination on the human services mirrors that 90% of the medical attendants dont talk up to the doctor in spite of thinking about the danger of the technique being directed. It puts the patients lives in harm's way. In addition, the examination on the working environment wellbeing distinguishes that 93% of the representatives in associations acknowledges that they are typically mindful of the dangers, anyway they dread to talk up to the higher specialists or are reluctant to shout out. In demonstrate hatred for, 78% of them whine to other people, 66% engage in pointless work, 53% ruminate the issue, and half blow up with respect to the issue. Indeed, 40% of these respondents concede that they squander around fourteen days or so in because of these issues despite remaining against it. The expense for this evasion is around $5 0,000 for the organization and $7,500 for the individual (Maxfield, 2016). The course centers around various administration approaches and techniques, and authoritative conduct. The learning gave in the class examines about the hierarchical conduct and how it impacts the authoritative execution. Authoritative conduct is estimated by the recognizable proof of deviation of representative conduct and set of principles (Wood et al, 2016). The quietness culture that has been talked about in the article is one of the major conduct gives that the associations face. The idea of quiet puts any association under significant danger as it builds the hazard factors. As referenced by Maxfield (2016) in his article, the representatives confine themselves from supporting any recognized hazard for the organization because of the weight forced by the predominant position. They are in consistent dread in regards to their security inside the association. It may be professional stability or working environment provocation, whatever the explanation is, the representatives dread to oppose the unrivaled for anything chose by their bosses. This builds the danger of a task, yet in addition diminishes the hierarchical productivity. It is a direct result of the factor that the representatives sit around idly examining about the hazard with their kindred associates or outrage they hold inside about the theme. This conduct saw in the associations over different businesses conceivably diminishes the proficiency as it is identified with the ideas of authoritative conduct. (a) Maxfield proposed four strategies the administration can use to beat the issue presented by the quiet culture in any association. The principal strategies talks about changing the discernment. The individuals dont frequently shout out because of their dread of results that may bring about. The administration can force the danger of negative ramifications for not shouting out. This procedure uses the dread inside the worker for a positive result. Furthermore, workers need to oversee their feeling while at the same time making some noise. It is seen that a large portion of the informants take out their anger in the discussion, which should be maintained a strategic distance from to proceed with a sound discussion. Adamska (2017) concurs with the third strategy proposed by Maxfield and states that the administrators can take to thought process the representative is to have a sense of security making some noise in the circumstance. It is will limit their dread of the outcomes that is the essential issue saw in the quiet culture. The fourth strategy is a continuation of the third where the workers ought to be urged to make some noise in the agreeable condition gave by the chief. (b) The thoughts gave in the article not just assistance the supervisor to settle the quiet culture issues in the working environment, yet additionally help in recognizing them. As per Morrison (2014) causing the representatives to feel safe can at last cause them to make some noise about the explanation they don't challenge the issues that they face in their work environment. In addition, the risk of not making some noise will help can likewise cause them to unveil the difficult they face in making some noise in any circumstance where the predominant aren't right in deciding. Morrison (2014) further contended that these can conceivably help them in recognizing the primary driver the representatives don't represent against an inappropriate. It can likewise help them understanding if the issue is inside the work environment or in their day by day lives. (c) According to Kahya (2015) the principal strategy proposed by the Maxfield isn't an answer for this situation as it won't resolve the issue of dread. Utilizing dread for increasing positive result may sound helpful for increasing transient bit of leeway, yet it is unable for long haul gain. Henceforth, proposal can be made for the third strategy. The chiefs can facilitate the working environment condition by diminishing the pressure. This will help the representatives a lot more secure in their work environment, which will assist them with handling the circumstance. The more secure the representatives feel in nature, the more prominent the brain will perform. It will help the administration getting progressively inventive thoughts for expanding the development of the association. The representatives won't just remain against the hazard, however can likewise give thoughts to determine it. Article 1 : Gkorezis, P., Panagiotou, M., Theodorou, M. (2016). Working environment segregation and representative quietness in nursing: the intervening job of hierarchical identification.Journal of cutting edge nursing,72(10), 2381-2388. Article 2: Mannion, R., Davies, H. T. (2015). Societies of quiet and societies of voice: the job of whistleblowing in medicinal services organisations.International diary of wellbeing strategy and management,4(8), 503. Gkorezis, Panagiotou and Theodorou (2016) worked the quiet culture relating it to the medicinal services area. They featured the way that the medicinal services segment experiences the best risk the quiet culture in the association as they manage the patients lives. There are numerous confirmations noted, where the medicinal services suppliers got away from the hazard at last. The way of life is available significantly after support because of the nearness of alienation in the working environment condition. Medicinal services outrages in numerous nations give unmistakable proof of the huge inadequacies in the assurance and backing offered to informants in any event, when they raise authentic concerns (Mannion Davies, 2015). References Adamska, K. (2017). Quiet and ending the quietness in an organization.Roczniki Psychologiczne/Annals of Psychology,19(1), 89-101. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing exploration approach: An amateur's manual for doing an examination venture. Sage. Gkorezis, P., Panagiotou,

Cyber Terrorism and Cyber Crime - Free Essay Example

CERTAINTY OF CONTRACT There are two aspects to the issue of uncertainty. (1) The language used may be too vogue in which case, the court is likely to hold that there is no concluded agreement , the contract is void for uncertainty. (2) Failure to reach agreement on a vital or fundamental term of an agreement. SECTION 30 1. Agreements, the meaning of which is not uncertain, or capable of being made certain, are void. * If A agrees to sell to B ‘a hundred tons of oil’ , there is nothing whatever to show what kind of oil was intended and thus , the agreement is void for uncertainty. . Where the meaning is unclear but it is capable of being made certain, the agreement is not void for uncertainty. * A agrees to sell to B ‘one thousand gantangs of rice at a price to be fixed by C’. As the price is capable of being made certain, there is no uncertainty here to make the agreement void. KARUPPAN CHETTY v SUAH THIAN In Karuppan Chetty v. Suah Thian (1916) 1 F. M. S. L . R. 300 , the contract was declared void for uncertainty because the parties agreed to lease of $35 per month ‘for as long as he likes’. The terms are uncertain as the duration of the lease is not specified or capable of being made certain. Free Consent To form a valid contract, it is important that parties agree to contract freely and without any form of force or external influence which clouds a person’s mind. SECTION 10 * All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object are not hereby exspressly declared to be void Free consent is the basis of a contractual relationship. There must be a meeting of the minds as to the nature and scope of the contract, a consensus ad idem. The consent of the parties must be given freely and voluntarily. SECTION 13 * Two or more persons are said to consent when they agree upon the same thing in the same sense. SECTION 1 4 * Consent is said to be free when it is not caused by: coercion undue influence fraud misrepresentation mistake EFFECT OF VOID AND VOIDABLE CONTRACT * According to section 2 (g), an agreement not enforceable by law is said to be void. When the agreement is void, no rights are given to the parties, and no obligations are imposed on them. * An agreement which is void has no legal effect ab initio * According to section 2 (i) states that an agreement not enforceable by law at the option of one more of the parties thereto, but not at the option of the other or others, is a voidable contract. * In a voidable contract, one of the parties is given the choice, either to continue the contract or to discontinue the contract. The agreement is valid and binding until the party who is entitled to rescind the contract chooses to do so. * When the party who is entitled to rescind a voidable contract exercises his option to rescind the contract, the consequence is as stated in: SECTION 65 * When a person at whose option a contract is voidable rescinds it, the other party thereto need not perform any promise therein contained in which he is promisor. The party rescinding a voidable contract shall, if he has received any benefit thereunder from another party to such contract, restore he benefit so far as may be, to the person from whom it was received. * On the other hand, the consequence of a void contract is stated in: SECTION 66 * When an agreement is discovered to be void, or when a contract become void, any person who has received any advantage under the agreement or contract is bound to restore it, or to make compensation for it, to the person from whom he received it. * If the contract is void, there is no option to proceed with the contract. The contract must come to an end and whatever benefits received therefrom must be restored to the party who gave the benefits. COERCION * According to the section 15, coercion is the committing, or threatening to commit an y act forbidden by the Penal Code, or unlawful detaining or threatening to detain any property. * Examples of an act forbidden by the Penal Code are causing grievous hurt, kidnapping, criminal force and assault, rape. The effect of a contract entered into as a result of coercion is that the contract is voidable. According to the section 19 (1), when consent to an agreement is caused by coercion, fraud, or misrepresentation, the agreement is a contract voidable at the option of the party, whose consent was so caused. KESARMAL/O LETCHMAN DAS v VALIAPPA CHETTIAR A transfer of property which was made under the order of the Sultan, issued in the ominous presence of 2 Japanese officers during the Japanese occupation of Malaysia was held to be not valid. This is because, the consent given was not free and therefore the transfer became voidable at the will of the party whose consent was so caused. UNDUE INFLUENCE * This happens where one of the parties to a contract, entered into such contract by influence of the party who was able to influence him. SECTION 16 (1) A contract is said to be induced by â€Å"undue influence† where the relations subsisting between the parties are such that one of the parties is in a position to dominate the will of the other and uses that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the other. RAGUNATH PRASAD v SARJU PRASAD In this case, the court held that 3 matters are to be dealt with under: SECTION 16 (3) The relations between the parties to each other must be such that one is in a position to dominate the will of the other * The issue whether the contract has been induced by undue influence * The burden of proving that the contract was not induced by undue influence lies upon the person who was in a position to dominate the will of the other PRESUMPTION OF DOMINATION * In certain circumstances, a party is deemed by law, to be in position to dominate the will of another SECTION 16 (2) (a) and (b) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing principle, a person is deemed to be in a position to dominate the will of another: * Where he holds a real or apparent authority over the other, or where he stands in a fiduclary relation to the other * Where he makes a contract with a person whose mental capacity is temporarily or permanently affected by reason of age, illness, or mental or bodily distress * By virtue of section 16 (2) (a) and (b) there are 3 situations in which the law presumes domination of will to exists: * When one party holds a real authority over the other Where one party stands in a fiduclary relationship to the other * Where a party makes a contract with a person whose mental capacity is temporarily or permanently affected by reason of age, illness or mental or body distress * In such situations, the plaintiff does not have to prove the contract being unconscionable * If the dominating party claims that there is no domination of will, the burden to rebut the pres umption of domination lies on him by giving evidence to the court * The effect of undue influence in a contract is that the contract is voidable as stated: SECTION 20 * when consent to an agreement is caused by undue influence, the agreement is a contract voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so caused. Any such contract may be set aside either absolutely or, if the party who is entitled to avoid it has received any benefit thereunder, upon such terms and conditions as the court may seem just. SALWATH HANEEM v HADJEE ABDULLAH The plaintiff’s husband made a conveyance of property belonging to himself and the plaintiff to his brother’s B and C. The plaintiff initially agreed to the conveyance but after her husband’s death, she brought an action seeking to set aside the agreement on the ground of undue influence. It was held that a confidential relationship existed between the plaintiff and B and C. Therefore the burden of proof was on B and C to show that the plaintiff fully understood the agreement and had agreed to the conveyance freely and without being subject to undue influence. Since both B and C failed to discharge the burden, the contract of conveyance was set aside. FRAUD * According to the SECTION 17 is includes any of the following acts committed by a party to a contract, or with his connivance, or by his agent, with the intent to deceive another party thereto or his agent, or to induce him to enter to the contract. DERRY v PEEK It was decided by the court in this case that fraud is proven when it is shown that false representation has been made either: * Knowingly * Without belief in its truth * Recklessly, careless whether it be true or false ELEMENTS OF FRAUD * There must be a false representation The representee must have relied on the repsentation WEBER v BROWN Plaintiff sued Defendant for damages in respect of an alleged false and fraudulent misrepresentation relating to the number of rubber tress on an estate which he purchased. The number of trees represented was more than that which actually existed on the estate. It was that the Defendant had made the alleged misrepresentation falsely and fraudulently MISREPRESENTATION * It is a false statement made by the representor, and which such false representation induces the other party to enter into a contract. According to SECTION 18 misrepresentation includes: * The positive assertion, in a manner not warranted by the information of the person making it, of that which is not true, though he believes it to be true * any breach of duty which, without intent to deceive, gives an advantage to the person committing it, or anyone claiming under him, misleading another to his prejudice, or to the prejudice of anyone claiming under him * causing, however innocently, a party to an agreement to make a mistake as to the substance of the thing which is the subject of the agreement ELEMENT OF MISREPRESENTATION * There must be false represe ntation, either through a positive statement or some conduct * The representation must be one of fact, not a mere expression of opinion * The statement was addressed to the party mislead * The representation must induce the mislead party to enter into the contract * The party misled must prove that he was induced by the representation * He cannot be said to have been induced by the representation did not influence his mind at the time of entering into the contract or he was aware hat the statement was untrue. EXPLANATION SECTION 19 A fraud or misrepresentation which did not cause the consent to a contract of the party on whom the fraud was practiced, if the representation to whom the misrepresentation was made, does not render a contract voidable. ILLUSTRATION (b) to SECTION 19 A, by a misrepresentation, leads B erroneously to believe that 500 gantangs of indigo are made annually at A’s factory. B examines the accounts of the factory, which show that only 400 gantangs of indi go have been made. After this, B buys the factory. The contract is not voidable on account of A’s misrepresentation. * The effect of misrepresentation in a contract is that the contract becomes voidable as provided in SECTION 19 (1) * If the mislead party chooses to affirm the contract, he is entitled to damages as provided under SECTION 19 (2): * A party to a contract whose consent was caused by fraud or misrepresentation, may, if he thinks fit, insist that the contract shall be performed, and that he shall be put in the position in which he would have been if the representations made had been true. MISTAKE SECTION 21 * Where both the parties to an agreement are under a mistake as to a matter of fact essential to the agreement, the agreement is void. For a mistake to be operative under this section, it must be mistake of both parties and it is as to a matter of fact essential to the agreement * The basis for rendering agreements void under SECTION 21 is that there has been no free consent between the parties * Mistake can either be mutual mistake or unilateral mistake * SECTION 21 covers mutual mistake : both parties to an agreement are under a mistake * Mistake of fact essential to the agreement may occur in the following circumstances : a) Mistake as to the existence of the subject matter of the contract * Both parties are unaware that the subject matter of the contract has ceased to exist A agrees to buy from B a certain horse. It turns out that the horse was dead at the time of the bargain, though neither party was aware of the fact. The agreement is void. b) Mistake as to the identity of the subject mistake * Both parties are at cross-purpose, therefore, in fact, there is no agreement on the same thing in the same sense and in other words, no consent RAFFLES v WICHELHAUS 2 parties contracted for a sale of a cargo of cotton arriving in London by a ship called â€Å"The Peerless† sailing from Bombay. But unknown to both parties, ther e were 2 ships of the same name leaving from Bombay at different times. They were both negotiating under a mistake and had in mind different ships, It was held that the contract was void for mutual mistake. c) Mistake as to the possibility of performing the contract BROTHERS LTD v OCHSNER SHEIKH The appellant granted to the respondent, licence and authority to contract and manufactured all sisal growing on 5000 acres of land in Kenya, and to deliver to the appellant 50 tons per month of sisal fibre for sale. Respondent was then unable to do so as the leaf potential of the sisal was not sufficient to produce that much. It was held that there was a mistake as to the possibility of performing the contract. The agreement was void. MISTAKE AS TO DOCUMENT The general rule is that a person is bound by the terms of the contract that he signs as laid down in an English case: L’ESTRANGE v F. GRANCOLS. SUBRAMANIAM V REKNAM The defendant had signed a written acknowledgement in the Eng lish language of a loan when he was ignorant of the language. The court applied the general rule that he is bound by what he signed, seeing that there was no fraud or misrepresentation.

Effects Of Exercise On Brain Health - 1623 Words

There is ample evidence to demonstrate that through the normal ageing process alterations to the brain in structure and function are directly related to cognitive changes (Glisky, 2007). With an increasing ageing population strategies for prevention of disease and age related cognitive decline are necessary to improve quality of life and reduce the associated healthcare costs (Australian Government Productivity Commission [AGPC], 2013). Physical exercise is known to be crucial in maintaining physiological health; it can also be used as a means of neuroprotection and assist in modifiable risk factors for improved brain health and subsequent cognitive function. This review will critically analyse current research into the effects of exercise†¦show more content†¦Smith et al. (2013) took a less studied approach to improving cognitive decline by testing the effects of aerobic exercise on adults (60-88 years old) already suffering from cognitive impairment. After 12 weeks of mode rate exercise there was an improvement of memory and neural efficiency across all subjects. As discussed at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference [AAIC] (2012), elderly people who had reduced cadence, velocity and stride length of just 1.7cm were seen to have greater declines in cognition, memory and executive function. These gait related restrictions were associated with an overall smaller brain volume (Bridenbaugh Kressig, 2013). Having reduced mobility results in an accelerated cognitive decline as being in the same environment regularly provides little stimulus to keep the mind active. Gait restriction can be improved through physical therapy and although it may not increase lost brain volume it can assist in reducing the effects of further decline (Patla, 1991). Due to the inconsistency between studies there is no definitive exercise dosage or type that can aid in protection against dementia. However, from the evidence provided it suggests that higher levels of exercise can be used as a neuroprotective mechanism to prevent the onset ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Physical Exercise On Brain Health1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Mental Exercise and Physical Exercise on Brain Health Physical exercise does not only promote physical appearance and the body’s health, it also promotes brain health. The brain is a dynamic organ that replaces and repairs neurons throughout life. When people engage in exercise, rarely do they think about the potential affects it has on their brain. People that work out utilize various amounts of motor skills that have been acquired gradually through practice. 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The Elusive Quest For Growth Essay - 1089 Words

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Adopting Electronic Medical Records Kuwait - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2070 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Information Systems Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? What the problems and needs of the sponsor are? Evaluate Healthcare Informatics in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Develop  a unified definition for the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Identify  some of the  EMR implementation benefits and challenges in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Develop  an informative reference about EMR implementation in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait What are the projects aims? The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait. In order to accomplish this task, a qualitative analysis approach will be followed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" by surveying/interviewing a sample of healthcare and IT professionals from different governmental hospitals and IT companies who are in one way or another participated in the implementation of an EMR. Therefore, the aim of my dissertation is to: Evaluate Healthcare Informatics in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Establish a unified definition for the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Identify EMR implementation benefits and challenges in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Accommodate resolutions to avoid major obstacles of EMR implementation in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Formulate an informative reference about EMR implementation in the governmental hospitals of Ku wait Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adopting Electronic Medical Records Kuwait" essay for you Create order What is the proposed solution? A unified definition for the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Identification of the  EMR implementation benefits and challenges in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait Some resolutions for the EMR implementation major obstacles in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait. An informative reference about EMR implementation in Kuwait What will be produced in the project? A research paper/document detailing: Importance of adopting EMRs, and their role in enhancing delivered healthcare services in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait The benefits and challenges associated with the EMRs implementations in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait The essential requirements to have a successful EMR implementation within the Kuwaiti governmental hospitals, as well as the resolutions for implementation major obstacles. The final conclusions, recommendations, as well as any aspects of future work Literature Survey / Resources list: A primary literature review à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" using UoL Online Library, Gartner, HIMSS, and Google Scholar à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" has been conducted, in order to identify all the researches and papers relevant to the topic under discussion. Some of these resources are of relevance to my work, as they are trying to investigate the benefits and barriers of adopting EMR systems in a specific domain through conducting interviews and surveys, which could provide a comprehensive insight and guidance in conducting my study. On the other hand, some of the interview questions in these studies would be acting as the foundation for developing some of the interview questions in my dissertation. There are other sources attempting to provide a clear definition, description, and global variations of the EMR and EHR terms within the healthcare informatics setting. The three industry research papers (from Gartner and HIMSS) are trying to introduce a unified definition for the EMR, which would help me in my study to clarify the terminology misconception, which consequently would lend a hand in providing a common ground to better understand the issue. Finally, there are some sources (two textbooks) that would provide the technical and practical guidance required to build interviews questions and conduct efficient interviews. Abdulai, Tanko (2009) IMPLEMENTING EHR IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: POTENTIAL CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS (A CASE STUDY FROM GHANA). Masters Thesis, University of TromsÃÆ' ¸. Bhaskaran, V. et al. (2010) Online Surveys For Dummies. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, Inc. Fink, A. (2009) How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide. 4th ed. California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Nixon, Debra L. (2009) BARRIERS TO ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS (EMR) ADOPTION BY SELECTED PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS IN ARIZONA: A CASE STUDY. PhD dissertation, Capella University. Peden, Ann H. (2010) Factors Affecting Adoption of Electronic Health Record (EHR) Systems in United States Hospitals. PhD dissertation, University of Mississippi. Rishel, Wes; Handler, Thomas J.; D., M.; Edwards, Jonathan (2005) A Clear Definition of the Electronic Health Record. ID Number: G00130927. Stamford: Gartner. Rishel, Wes; Handler, Thomas J.; D., M. (2008) Global Definitions of EHR, PHR, E-Prescribing and Other Terms for Healthcare Providers. ID Number: G00163780. Stamford: Gartner. Witter, David M. (2010) Oregon Electronic Health Record Survey Report: Ambulatory Practices and Clinics. Oregon: Office for Oregon Health Policy and Research. Garets, Dave and Davis, Mike (2006) Electronic Medical Records vs. Electronic Health Records: Yes, There Is a Difference. Chicago: HIMSS Analytics. The key resources that would contribute to this research are as follow: UoL Online Library, Gartner, HIMSS, Google Scholar Mr. Mohamed Ahmed Abdul-Haleem (Sponsor) Interviews, questionnaire, and observations results and analysis Conduct of the Project Background research The concept of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) has been discussed from several aspects by a lot of researchers; such aspects are bringing to mind the benefits of the EMR in enhancing the healthcare services, as well as the barriers that affect the adoption of EMRs, in addition to the factors required to facilitate the success of EMRs adoption in different contexts. Data required Secondary data: In my dissertation I depend principally on two published researches (a masters thesis and a PhD) of relevant literature; IMPLEMENTING EHR IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: POTENTIAL CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS (A CASE STUDY FROM GHANA) and BARRIERS TO ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS (EMR) ADOPTION BY SELECTED PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS IN ARIZONA: A CASE STUDY These researches follow the case study approach using the qualitative analysis of the data collected by interviews and observations to stand on the physicians perception about: The benefits associated with the implementation of EMR systems, The barriers that prevent them from adopting EMR systems, Which of these barriers are unique to some environments, and Which of these barriers may be conquered through the enactment of special resolutions and policy changes These dissertations are of relevance to my work, as they try to investigate the benefits and barriers of adopting EMR systems in a specific domain, which could provi de comprehensive insight and guidance in conducting my study. On the other hand, some of the benefits, barriers, and interview questions in these studies will be acting as the foundation for developing some work in my dissertation. On the other hand, there are three industry researches attempting to provide a clear definition, description, and global variations of the EMR and EHR terms within the healthcare informatics setting. The three papers, (two from Gartner): A Clear Definition of the Electronic Health Record Global Definitions of EHR, PHR, E-Prescribing and Other Terms for Healthcare Providers And (one from HIMSS): Electronic Medical Records vs. Electronic Health Records: Yes, There Is a Difference are trying to introduce a unified definition for the EMR, which would help me in my study to clarify the terminology misconception, and consequently that would lend a hand in providing a common ground to better understand the issue. Finally, there are two textb ooks (Online Surveys For Dummies, and How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide) that would provide the technical and practical guidance required to build my questionnaire and analyze collected data. Primary data: The data that will be collected from the questionnaire would reveal insights into: How patient medical data is maintained in the Kuwaiti governmental hospitals The working background of the respondents with EMR, as well as their role in the decision-making process of implementation The factors driving the EMR implementation within Kuwaiti governmental hospitals Initiatives of the Kuwaiti government to promote EMR adoption in the governmental hospitals Benefits and major barriers of EMR implementation within governmental hospitals of Kuwait Some suggestions to the Kuwaiti government about how to overcome EMR implementation barriers in governmental hospitals It is important to mention that the method used to gather the information involved online/printed questionnaire distributed to the stakeholders (who are willing to cooperate) within the Kuwaiti governmental hospitals and other IT professionals who are somehow involved in the EMR implementation within these ho spitals. It is important to bear in mind that the method utilized to collect the data is not strictly scientific, and while the respondents to this survey arent fully representing the medical community, they still have some knowledge about Healthcare Information Technology (HIT) solutions and government plans of implementing them. On the other hand, the questionnaire results should not be considered as the absolute indictor of the phenomena, however, they should be considered as a valuable qualified indicator of relevant circumstances. Any new skills that will be required and how these will be acquired Skill How it will be acquired Design proper and efficient survey questions, plus organizing and analyzing collected data Using technical resources as guidance The design methods to be used The research method to be used is the Case Study approach The software to be used Google Docs Microsoft Office 2007 The Design Case study approach The aim of this case study is to investigate the  benefits of adopting the  Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems in the governmental  hospitals of Kuwait,  and  what are  the obstacles  that  impede the  implantation of  such systems,  as well as some  proposals  to overcome  these difficulties. The case study will try to shed some light on the phenomena through the qualitative analysis and interpretation of the data collected from the stakeholders (i.e. healthcare givers and IT professionals) using printed and online questionnaire, interviews, observation and personal experience in the field. Method triangulation As the focus of this research is to investigate the benefits and challenges of adopting Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems in the governmental hospitals of Kuwait, through the qualitative analysis of the data collected from interviewing healthcare givers from each hospital (Kuwait has seven governmental hospitals) and IT professionals who participated in EMR implantations in some of these hospitals. For that reason, and with the aim of eventually ensure better quality of the dissertation, it is of great significance to verify the validity of the results reached, through comparing interviews results of the seven governmental hospitals with each other, so as to look for similarities and differences that will lend a hand in drawing a truthful final conclusion. Anticipated conclusions Anticipated conclusions possibly will include: A misconception and expression overlapping associated with the EMR within the professional community Stakeholders are aware of the significance and benefits of EMR systems, but unenthusiastic to implement or use New EMR implementation barriers may possibly pop-up during the data collection phase, and some of these barriers may appear to be unique to the State of Kuwait Personal interests play a major role in the implementation of EMR systems inside the governmental hospitals of Kuwait EMR adoption velocity will increase in the near future, as the health information technology is evolving hastily, and some of the suggestions to overcome EMR implementation barriers will be put into practice Statement of Deliverables Description of anticipated documentation content A research paper/document detailing: The importance of adopting EMRs, and their role in enhancing the delivered healthcare services The benefits and challenges associated with the EMRs implementations The essential requirements to have a successful EMR implementation within Kuwaiti governmental hospitals, as well as some resolutions for the implementation major obstacles. The final conclusions, recommendations, as well as any aspects of future work Description of anticipated experiments I am not conducting any experiments. Description of methods for evaluation of the work For the most part, continues evaluation of the dissertation will be conducted by the projects sponsor, the DA, and the professional community (including healthcare givers and IT professionals). Besides, the dissertation final submission will be evaluated by two assessors; the DA will be the first of them. The instruments used in the evaluation of the projects components and results will be the professional experience, as well as the predefined dissertations assessment criteria. The accurateness of the dissertation hypothesis will be verified in light of the following: The findings of relevant research papers and similar activities The delivered aims and objectives of the research The analysis of data collected from interviews Project plan and timing The following table illustrates the projects activates and their estimated start/end dates: # Activity Estimated Start Date Estimated End Date 01 RMT Module 30/09/2010 28/11/2010 Initial literature review 30/09/2010 20/11/2010 Submitting final proposal 24/11/2010 02 Approval of proposal 28/11/2010 03/12/2010 03 Submitting Project Specification and Design Document 01/12/2010 31/01/2011 04 Comprehensive literature review 04/12/2010 31/12/2010 05 Building interviews questions 14/12/2010 18/12/2010 06 Reviewing interviews questions with professional advisers 19/12/2010 21/12/2010 07 Conducting pilot interviews 21/12/2010 23/12/2010 08 Reviewing interviews questions after the pilot test 24/12/2010 26/12/2010 09 Conducting required interviews 27/12/2010 20/01/2011 10 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 01 28/12/2010 11 Collaborating and Analyzing data from literature and interviews 21/01/2011 31/01/2011 12 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 02 28/01/2011 13 Research and Writi ng-up 01/02/2011 26/05/2011 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 03 27/02/2011 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 04 28/03/2011 Submitting Monthly Progress Report 05 28/04/2011 14 Submitting dissertation draft 28/05/2011 07/06/2011 15 Reviewing dissertation and incorporating DA comments 07/06/2011 25/06/2011 16 Submitting final dissertation document 28/06/2011

Physician Assisted Suicide Permissible or Not - 1610 Words

Nikia Washington April 24, 2012 Death and Dying Christian Coons Physician Assisted Suicide: Permissible or Not? In the case of Physician Assisted Suicide, I believe only in certain, extreme, and clearly defined situations should a doctor be allowed to prescribe a drug to terminate a patient’s life. The role of a practicing medical doctor, or a physician, is defined by Mosby’s Dental Dictionary as a practitioner of medicine; one lawfully engaged in the practice of medicine. The essential word in this definition is lawful – physicians must act in a manner that is ethical to their practice and lawful to the country in which they are practicing. In most countries, murder and suicide are unlawful; therefore for a doctor to commit such an†¦show more content†¦3.) has an ample amount of time to live, but still has the desire to exit life, the physician should offer alternatives to the patient – euthanasia not being one of them. I have specifically identified the three situations above, because I feel only in these cases should the doctor seriously consider the option of PAS, or in the situation of option three, how to alternatively assist a patient who is seriously considering euthanasia. In the first case, I mention the doctor’s patient being in a permanent vegetative state – medically defined as patients who have an irreversible loss of brain damage who are left permanently unaware and extremely unlike to ever recover. The vegetative state case is a vital circumstance in which the doctor should consider euthanasia, because these patients will most likely never function fully as human beings again, therefore never to lead a life worth living. The decision is only to be made by the family, guardian, or caregiver of the patient rather the doctor should end treatment to allow to patient to live. However, this should only be done after six months of complete inactivity of the patient, to secure t here is no chance of revival. If the family requests for their loved one to be kept alive after the six month, their wishes must be granted; the doctor shall have no say in theShow MoreRelatedPhysician-Assisted Suicide: Is It Morally Permissible?1780 Words   |  8 PagesPHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE | IS IT MORALLY PERMISSIBLE? INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE-QUESTION My essay topic is whether or not physician assisted suicide is morally permissible. I intend to argue that it is permissible because a competent patient ultimately has the right to choose for themselves the course of their life, including how it will end. To lie in a hospital bed in a vegetative state, unable to see, think, speak, eat, being totally unaware of your surroundings or those of your lovedRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Morally Permissible1663 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician assisted suicide should be morally permissible. Patients who are in constant suffering and pain have the right to end their misery at their own discretion. This paper will explore my thesis, open the floor to counter arguments, explain my objections to the counter arguments, and finally end with my conclusion. I agree with Brock when he states that the two ethical values, self-determination and individual well-being, are the focal points for the argument of the ethical permissibility of Read MoreThe Debate Over Physician Assisted Suicide951 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, suicide, and more controversially, physician assisted suicide, is a hotly debated topic amongst both every day citizens and members of the medical community. The controversial nature of the subject opens up the conversation to scrutinizing the ethics involved. Who can draw the line between morality and immorality on such a delicate subject, between lessening the suffering of a loved one and murder? Is there a moral dissimilarity between letting someone die under your care andRead MoreThe Morality Of Physician Assisted Suicide1003 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of physician-assisted suicide is, â€Å"suicide by a patient facilitated by means or information (as a drug prescription or indicated of the lethal dosage) provided by a physician who is aware of how the patient intends to use such means or information.† I believe that some forms of euthanasia are moral given the pr emise that the patient is suffering from an incurable and painful disease and will die in the next few months. Given these exceptional circumstances, physician assisted suicide is permissibleRead MoreVoluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesis morally permissible? Voluntary Active Euthanasia is a controversial subject, Does one have the right to end their own life? According to Peter Singer in â€Å"Voluntary Euthanasia: A utilitarian Perspective,† Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible under certain circumstances. If and only if certain requirements are met by certain parties can the process of voluntary active euthanasia be completed. Certain situations where Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible include; mentalRead MoreEuthanasi The Complex Role Of The Physician With Physician Assisted Suicide1702 Words   |  7 PagesThe theoretical aim of this thesis is to introduce euthanasia, the complex role of the physician with physician-assisted suicide (PAS) under the argument that it is not an issue of passive or active. Nor right or wrong. Euthanasia is defined as the act or practice of killing or allowing someone to die on grounds of mercy (Morally Disputed Issues: A Reader, 341). In its complexion euthanasia is not merely a dead or alive decision as it truly is at its core goal. There is passive euthanasia which isRead MoreEssay on The Right To Die1135 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom medicine. The demands for assisted suicide and euthanasia are increasing (Kass 17). These issues raise many questions, legal and ethical. Although neither assisted suicide and euthanasia are legal, many people believe they should be. A great number of those people may never be faced with the decision, but knowing the option would be there is a comfort (Jaret 46). For those who will encounter the situation of loved ones on medication, being treated by physicians, sometimes relying on technicalRead MoreWhy Physician Assisted Suicide ( Pas ) Should Be Considered Morally Okay949 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) Should be Considered Morally Okay Physician assisted suicide (PAS), a widely controversial topic, has two apparent sides. Those who oppose the morality of PAS, and see deep rooted problems, and those who see PAS as beneficial and support the morality. With this issue gaining publicity, it is important to explore and examine exactly why allowing PAS would ultimately be beneficial to us all. California recently passed a bill allowing PAS, and the effects of thisRead MoreFree Doctor Assisted Suicide Within Canada1136 Words   |  5 PagesIn late February 2016, a recent debate among Canadian politicians arose on whether mature minors have the right to access doctor-assisted suicide within Canada. In Canadian Paediatric Society1 article, it explains how the government has a three-year deadline in order to create new legislation. However, the the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) believes that this three-year deadline Is not enough time to â€Å"gather adequate and appropriate information† on whether this practice should be allowed to beRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Physician Assisted Suicide1586 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Physician Assisted Suicide Is it Right or Wrong? The ethical issues of physician-assisted suicide are both emotional and controversial, as it ranks right up there with abortion. Some argue physician assisted suicide is ethically permissible for a dying person who has choosing to escape the unbearable suffering at the end of life. Furthermore, it is the physician’s duty to alleviate the patients suffering, which at times justifies providing aid-in -dying. These arguments

Wealth and Poverty A Study on Communism and the Communist...

Communism. The word sparks dread in the hearts of many Americans raised during the Cold War. What seems to be the basis for a potential utopian society in theory, so far has never, in practice, realized the desires of its institutors. Perhaps the reason communism has never been successful in effect lies in its most basic foundations. After all, a house, as most Texans can attest to, no matter how finely built, cannot stand careful scrutiny for cracks if its foundation is built on shifting soil. In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx addresses each of the popular objections people have, or had, towards communism. This essay seeks to explain whether he deals fairly with them all, and whether his arguments are, in the end, persuasive to†¦show more content†¦He condemns their actions, and then goes on to show how the communists will do the same thing. For example, he says, â€Å"Bourgeois marriage is in reality a system of wives in common, and this, at the most, what the Communists might possibly be reproached with, is that they desire to introduce, in substitution for a hypocritically concealed, an openly legalized community of women† (Marx 472). The above is also an example of how communism intends to destroy morality by simply making immorality legal. What Marx is advocating is a sexual free-for-all. The bourgeoisie are already doing it, but the communists can do it better by expanding it, and making it normal instead of wrong. They hate the bourgeoisie for what they do, but they are going to do it too. Making something legal does not make it right, any more than who is doing it does. The Bible says, â€Å"Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in orgies and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy† (The Holy Bible, New International Version, Rom. 13:13). Elsewhere, it also reminds readers not to envy those who practice evil. Presumably, the communists desire the same thing s as the bourgeoisie. They are jealous of what the bourgeoisie have, though they deem them hypocritical, and will go to great lengths to achieve it, be it immoral or no. In the process, they may become hypocritical themselves, but heaven forbid in theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Biography of Karl Marx1220 Words   |  5 Pagespeople of the same political background as his own. Marx’s ideas were unique and started uproar all over Europe. Marx helped write the Communist Manifesto one of the most important pieces of literature on Communism ever written. At one time people feared Communism as a power, which prompted Marx to write the Communist Manifesto and explain his ideas. How Communism should be used as type of government. He was seen as kind of an outlaw, having to move from country to country to avoid troubles with theRead MoreKarl Marx : The Oldest Surviving Boy Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pagesa group known as the Young Hegelians, who were challenging existing institutions and ideas on all fronts, including religion, philosophy, ethics and politics. In October 1835, at the age of 17, Marx travelled to the University of Bonn wishing to study philosophy and literature. however his father insisted to take on a better major. his father insisted law as a more practical field. During his early stages of education, marx also wanted to to pursue a career in the military. unfortunately he wasRead MoreMarxist Approach to History and Politics2584 Words   |  11 Pages19th century, was faced with. As many great political thinkers before and after him, Marx’s political ideology was partly shaped by his experiences, and is arguably the framework behind the inception of some of his greatest works such as the Communist Manifesto of 1848.  Marx was born in Prussia at a time when a dynastic monarchy still maintained their rule and social woes were aggravated by the shift from Feudalism to an ever increasing Industrial society. As Marx continually moved from country toRead MoreCommunism And The Communist Manifesto3222 Words   |  13 Pagespropose that the Communist Manifesto has only a weak correlation to current world. To prove this, I will explore four key factors. First, I will summarize Communism and the foundation of the Communist Manifesto using the designated class study materials. I believe that it is essential for the reader to have a baseline upon which I will then explain my position. I will also explore how Religion relates to the concept of universal justice in society and how it plays into the communist manifesto. I will thenRead MoreCommunism and Capitalism: Strange Bedfellows Essay2599 Words   |  11 PagesWhat is it about communism that makes many people scurry and cringe? In America, the mere word might as well be banned from the dictionary. The only time it is used is when talking about new aggressive movements by totalitarian communist countries. American’s tolerance level for communism is zero to none. Is communism so horrific that the thought of some forms being successful is out of the question? In society today, capitalism is the leading economic system. When compared to other systems, fewRead MoreUnderstanding Societal Wealth and Inequality Thesis Statement on What Can Help Society (Hybrid of Capitalism and Communism)3650 Words   |  15 PagesUNDERSTANDING SOCIETAL WEALTH AND INEQUALITY THESIS STATEMENT ON WHAT CAN HELP SOCIETY (HYBRID OF CAPITALISM AND COMMUNISM) WHAT IS WEALTH On a general basis, wealth is an accumulation of physical entities which hold great importance to us. These entities are objects such as money, land, jewelries, gold, precious stones and so much more. It is also a means were by people grade themselves or attain superiority over others. Wealth comes with power, prestige, honor, and integrity. Wealth is a very importantRead MoreKarl Marx : An Atheist And Materialist1204 Words   |  5 Pagesmember of the well-known group called the Young Hegelian circle. This helped Marx focus on his studies and guided him in the right direction. After four years of attendance in 1841 he graduated and was awarded with a degree for being a doctor of philosophy. (Karl) Karl Marx was known for being a founder of scientific socialism. His ideas commonly known as Marxism â€Å"form the foundation of socialist and communist movements throughout the world.† (Karl) Marx believed capitalism corrupted human nature andRead More Comparing Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill Essay4553 Words   |  19 Pagesdifficult to support his growing family. He finally settled in London in 1849, where he lived in poverty while studying and developing his economic and political theories. Above all else, Marx believed that philosophy ought to be employed in practice to change the world. Although it at first had little impact on the varied revolutionary movements of the mid-19th century Europe, the Communist Manifesto was to become one of the most widely read and discussed documents of the 20th century. Marx soughtRead MoreOutline the Contribution of Marxism to Our Society Essay1939 Words   |  8 PagesKarl Marx who was born in Germany in 1818 was a revolutionary whose ideas on society were the foundation of communism. Under modern capitalism the means of production, such as factories, land, and technology are controlled by a small minority who Marx called the bourgeoisie. Production is carried out by the working class, known as the proletarians who have to sell their labour or face poverty or starvation. Taken together these two classes form the economic base of society, what Marx called the substructureRead MoreSocial Justice And Government By Karl Marx1930 Words   |  8 Pagesdetermine human consciousness. In the eyes of Marx, it is better for the sake of wel l-being and social justice to turn their focus onto activities such as the forces of production and the relationships of production. In Karl Marx essay â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† he talks about the relations in production between the town and country. He states that the country supplies produce and goods for the town, and in return the industrial companies make equipment and necessities that the country side needs

Qualifications and ETD in South Africa †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Standards And Qualifications in South Africa. Answer: Introduction Reflective practice is an important tool to let people understand their personal behavior, and their working pattern. This helps to develop and maintain the ability of individuals to accept their flaws and understand the aspects of their behavior of their working pattern they need to work on (Dean et al. 2012). In this assignment, I will be discussing the Critical Cross-Field Outcomes (CCFOs) related to the ETD or education, training and developments in South Africa according to the guidelines of SAQA or South African Qualifications Authority. Further, I will be critically discussing the CCFOs that enables me to improve my practices. The two CCFOs that I will be discussing are communication skill and organization capability. Reflection of my own practice While working with the sales trading company Dodos Matrix, all the employees had to be actively involved in a training program to learn the proper to way to operate Dodos point of sales system. The purpose of this system was to make the new employees of the Rampar trading aware of the rules and regulations of the organizations sales system and create a unit standard so that the matrix created can be utilized properly. Through this unit standard, the employees will be trained regarding the process, they will be assessed to understand the achievable outcomes and specific activities will be allotted to them as per their capabilities. Strengths: while determining the unit standard, I was very confident that I would be able to the necessary standards as per the sales matrix easily within the training process, as I was better than many of them with respect to skills. I was aware that prior knowledge of Card and RCS payment, cash up, lay-bye sale and refund would help to develop the necessary skills as per the matrix. Weaknesses: further while developing the unit standard, few sessions that I used to avoid, as I was not confident enough to undergo training regarding those processes and that process was the assessment process. I was not properly aware of the assessment criteria and hence was less confident regarding the process. Opportunities: While developing the unit matrix I came to know about the assessment criteria that helped me to develop the unit standard for the organization and the forthcoming training processes. Therefore, preparing the matrix was an opportunity for me to fulfill my weakness and utilize my complete knowledge regarding it to create and implement the unit standard. Threats: Despite of the fact that I was able to understand my loopholes in understanding the programs and sales matrix of the learning program, I still have problems while running the admin portal the payment section, cash count section and customer section is not clear to me. Therefore, for the assessment criteria and outcome of the unit standard, I need assistance so that I can learn each nuances of it. The CCFOs and their role in improving my practices Critical cross-field outcomes or CCFOs are a set of unit standards defined in the South African Qualification Authority (SAQA). The South African national authority defines these outcomesto make the ETD system or the education training and development process clear and understandable. The two CCFOs I applied in my learning process to improve my flaws were communication process and my organization skills(South African Qualifications Authority 2018). Communication skills: effective communication helps people to achieve personal success and sense the accomplishment. This is an important tool for improvement as communication with peers, trainer or the organization head will led people understand what their shortcomings or loopholes are while conducting a process (Robles 2012). This will further help the individual to fulfill those loopholes and become a better and improved individual altogether. While going through the learning program for the system matrix, I was attentive and behaved positively, as these values are important to learn any process (Mishra, Boynton and Mishra 2014). Organization skills: While going through the process, one thing I noticed about myself that I was able to organize my theoretical as well as practical knowledge to understand in which section I need help from my trainers. This skill helped me to improve my shortcomings in the system matrix process (Deming 2017). Compliance of the learning process with NFQ and its standards The National Qualification Framework (NQF) is the guidelines that are needed to provide the philosophical base of an organizational structure. The guidelines are needed in the purpose of setting a standard within an organization according to the educational qualification of an individual. The integration of education and training that is highly essential in the context of the job requirements. The National Qualification framework provides the opportunity of the learners to deal with the better levels of understanding. As the skill force within the nation is increased it can help it can help in the process of improving the intellectual capability of the nation. The chance of the nation to have better capability to establish within the global community that is achieved with the help of advanced skills. The guidelines of the training also need to have critical outcomes. This will help to ensure that regular changes are made within the training process (South African Qualifications Autho rity 2018). However, the difficult portion of this learning program was the assessment process. The evaluation was focused on completion of learning outcome therefore the trainers did not focused on the aspect that we, the trainees are able to utilize the theoretical learning in practical assessment of not. According to NQF, the trainers developed the process after complying with the standards of education, qualification, training and development as the curriculum developed for the training process complied with the qualification, standard and elective unit standards. It was evident from the facts as the training program had planned learning outcomes;they had their specific assessment criteria (questionnaires or practical assessment) and the unit standards depending on the NSB regulations. Therefore, according to my understanding, the training program was inspired from the SAQA and NQF regulations and followed the elective unit standards, depending on which it conducted analysis to determine the learning outcomes and used defined standards for assessment, education training and development (The national qualifications framework and curriculum development 2018). Conclusion Reflection practice is a strategy used by learners and trainers worldwide to understand their pattern of work, pattern of mistakes and the scope of improvement in the process. In this assignment, I reflected on the raining program, in which I took part while working in the Rampar sales matrix. The training was to acquire the detailed knowledge of the sales process and its admin customer and organizational aspects. While going through the training I understood my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of learning. Further, the critical cross-field outcomes such as communication and organization skills that helped me to overcome the weakness and threats and acquire the through details of the process. References Dean, B. Amelia., Sykes, C., Agostinho, S. and Clements, M. 2012. Reflective assessment in work-integrated learning: to structure or not to structure, that was our question. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 13 (2), pp.103-113. Deming, D.J., 2017. The growing importance of social skills in the labor market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(4), pp.1593-1640. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. and Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications. International Journal of Business Communication, 51(2), pp.183-202. Robles, M.M., 2012. Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace. Business Communication Quarterly, 75(4), pp.453-465. South African Qualifications Authority 2018.South African Qualifications Authority. [online] Saqa.org.za. Available at: https://www.saqa.org.za/list.php?e=NQF The national qualifications framework and curriculum development2017,The National Qualifications Framework and Curriculum Development,viewed 3 February 2018, fromhttps://www.saqa.org.za/docs/pol/2000/curriculum_dev.pdf.